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Critical Care Nursing Exam 3 > degenerative neuro > Flashcards

degenerative neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

what is myasthenia gravis?

A

autoimmune disease that is characterized by varying degrees of the voluntary muscles causing muscle weakness

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2
Q

what body parts are effected?

A

muscles, eye muscles, throat muscles, arms, legs, and severe respiratory muscles fall

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3
Q

how does the thymus gland effect MG?

A

the thymus gland produces T cells, and then attacks them

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4
Q

risk factors for M.G.?

A

female (<40)

male (>60)

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5
Q

what can worsen MG?

A

fatigue
Illness
Stress
Extreme

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6
Q

signs and symptoms of MG?

A

diplopia
Ptosis
weakness of face, throat and general area

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7
Q

What type of disorder is MG?

A

A motor disorder

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8
Q

what is the tensilon test?

A

injection of the chemical edrophonium, which once injected may result in a sudden increase of muscle strength

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9
Q

what is edrophonium?

A

an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine.

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10
Q

what does the tensilion test show?

A

that the patient has MG

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11
Q

what are the adverse effects fo edrophonium?

A

bradycardia, systole, increased oral and bronchial secretions, and bronchoconstriction

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12
Q

diagnosing MG?

A

EMG
CT of chest to look at the Thymus
Tensilon test

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13
Q

treatment of MG?

A

supportive care
IVIG- replace antibodies
anticholinesterase medications
thymectomy- remove thymus

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14
Q

what is MS?

A

multiple sclerosis

unpredictable and disabling disease of the CNS that disrupts the flow of info within the brain and between the brain and body

causes a damaged myelin sheath

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15
Q

causes of MS?

A

idiopathic, possibly genetic

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16
Q

when are people diagnosed with MS?

A

between the ages of 20-50

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17
Q

symptoms of MS?

A 
weakness
tingling
numbness
blurred vision
muscle stiffness
thinking problems
urinary problems
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18
Q

what may MS be misdiagnosed as?

A

a CVA

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19
Q

what can MS be triggered by?

A

a viral infection, but this is not always the case.

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20
Q

how is MS diagnosed?

A

by process of elimination,

MRI can reveal plaques in the brain and spinal cord

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21
Q

treatment of MS

A

focus is on speeding recovery from attacks, and slowing progression of disease
corticosteroids
plasmapheresis

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22
Q

what is the use of plasmapheresis in MS?

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A

it is used short term for rebuilding antibodies

23
Q

what is neurodegenerative disease?

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A

disorders leading to deterioration of normal cells or function of nervous system

24
Q

how fast does neurodegenerative disease onset?

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A

slow onset of signs and symptoms

subtle changes worsening over time

25
what is Parkinson's?
slow progressing neurologic movement disorder
26
what population does Parkinson's more often effect?
men more than women
27
what age does Parkinson's occur?
in the 50s
28
what are the suspected idiopathic causes?
``` genetics atherosclerosis viral infections head trauma chronic use of antipsychotic meds environmental exposure ```
29
patho of Parkinson's?
decreased levels of dopamine from loss of neuronal cells in substantia nigra in the brain cells
30
what part of the brain is affected by Parkinson's?
substantia nigra in basal ganglia
31
what does a loss in dopamine result in?
imbalance affecting voluntary movement
32
what are the cardinal signs of Parkinson's?
1. Tremor 2. Rigidity 3. Bradykinesis 4. Postural instability
33
autonomic symptoms from Parkinson's?
sweating, paroxysmal flushing, orthostatic hypotension, gastric and urinary retention, constipation
34
psych changes with Parkinson's?
depression, dementia, delirium, hallucination
35
hypokinesia in parkinsons?
abnormally diminished movement, freezing phenomenon
36
what type of handwriting do Parkinsons patients have?
micrographia
37
how do people with Parkinson's talk?
dysphonia: soft, slurred, slow, low pitched speech
38
how is Parkinson's diagnosed?
2 out of 4 cardinal manifestations
39
what med is the go to for Parkinson's?
levodopa
40
how does levodopa work?
converts to dopamine in the basal ganglia
41
nursing management of Parkinson's?
``` improving mobility enhance self care improve nutrition enhance swallowing improve communication ```
42
what is trigeminal neuralgia also known as?
Tic Douloureux
43
what nerve is effected by trigeminal neuralgia?
5th cranial nerve- any of the branches, but more commonly 2nd or 3rd branches
44
trigeminal neuralgia causes paroxysms of __________ ____________ __________ _____.
unilateral shooting/stabbing pain
45
most common symptom of trigeminal neuralgia?
involuntary contraction of facial muscles with sudden closing of eye or twitching of mouth
46
what is thought to cause trigeminal neuralgia?
vascular compression and pressure
47
treatments for trigeminal neuralgia?
avoid triggers Baclofen Gabapentin
48
what are possible triggers of trigeminal neuralgia?
``` brushing teeth shaving face washing chewing temp changes ```
49
What is bells palsy?
unilateral inflammation of the 7th cranial nerve
50
what does bells palsy cause?
facial paralysis or weakness
51
causes of bells palsy?
vascular ischemia viral disease autoimmune disease
52
symptoms of bells palsy?
``` facial distortion from paralysis lacrimation painful sensation of the face, behind ear, in eye speech difficulties difficulty chewing ```
53
treatment of bells palsy?
resolves completely and rarely recurs spontaneous recovery in 3-5 weeks corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

Critical Care Nursing Exam 3 (5 decks)

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