Delivery of Services Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
What are two most important factors in deciding whether or not to take a project?
A
- whether client’s budget is sufficient to cover construction and progression fee
- reliability and reputation of client
2
Q
how do you find out if client has good reputation
A
- googling
- review line of business
- credit check
- contact other professionals who have worked with prospective client
- talking with business associates
3
Q
what are additional considerations for accepting clients?
A
- review client made contracts
- does client have litigation with design professionals?
4
Q
what are 2 things architect has to do when accepting client?
A
- must first negotiate
- then establish WRITTEN agreement
5
Q
who ultimately selects project delivery method?
A
owner, but architect in best position to evaluate different options
6
Q
what variables should be considered when selecting delivery method?
A
- cost
- schedule
- project scope
- building quality
- risk
7
Q
explain - cost, as variable for selecting project delivery method, which is typically the lower cost? risk? why risk?
A
- design bid build typically lowest cost
- considerable risk that it’ll be more expensive due to bidding process
- owner and architect want high quality , contractor wants contract and profit
8
Q
explain - schedule, as variable for selecting project delivery method, what type is the fastest and what does this require?
A
- nearly any owner under pressure to complete building asap b/c cost, move in date, generate profit from building
- can use fast track -? multiple prime contracts, construction manager as constructor
9
Q
explain - project scope, as variable for selecting project delivery method, when is it used? fee type?
A
- scope determines size and complexity of project
- used for large complex project, or when many unknowns
- can use construction manager, typically cost plus fixed fee with or without GMP
10
Q
explain - building quality, as variable for selecting project delivery method, when is it used, what is usually required?
A
- for lower quality/low cost - design, bid, build
- for higher quality - construction manager as constructor or integrated project delivery
11
Q
Describe Design Bid Build, what’s the arch’s role? who has contracts?
A
- traditional method
- architect designs -> makes complete construction drawing set -> used for basis for pricing
- best bid wins
- contractor builds, architect provides contract administration
- separate contract for owner and contractor
12
Q
Design Bid Build Pros
A
- straight forward, roles defined, linear
- coordination problems minimized
- contractual relationships straightforward
- owner can be quoted fixed price before proceeding
13
Q
Design Bid build - Cons
A
- design phase must be completed before construction
14
Q
Describe Construction Manager as Advisor (CMa), who hires, contracts? what do they do?
A
- contractor or independent 3rd part, acts on owners agents without financial interests
- generally hired by owner, separate contract
- advises on - constructability, cost estimates, value analysis, project scheduling, contract negotiates, manages multiple construction contracts, makes early material purchases (sometimes)
15
Q
Cons of CMa
A
- because CMa hired before design finishes, no bidding on cost of project, therefore price might be higher
- more complicated management structure, one more person on team
16
Q
Describe Architect’s role in CMa
A
- site visits
- certifying payments
- rejecting work
- reviewing submittals
- investigating concealed and unknown conditions
- confirming completion
17
Q
what are the three methods for project fees for CMa?
A
- fixed price, aka stipulated sum or lump sum
- cost plus fee with GMP
- fast tracking
18
Q
explain fixed price
A
- gives owner set price for completing project
- owner knows final cost before construction, not reasonable for cost overruns
- if price is lower, owner still pays fixed price
19
Q
explain cost-plus-fee with GMP
A
- owner pays actual cost of construction (direct and indirect costs) plus fee that agreed on and GMP is establish
- if project is completed less than amount, client saves money
20
Q
explain fast tracking
A
- construction starts before design process is completed
- architectural and engineer documents are issues in stages, in bid packages
- requires many prime contracts and LOTS of coordination
- can reduce time and cost
- most commonly used when CM is involved
21
Q
Describe Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc), what kind of agreement? what do they do?
A
- construction manager is park of contracting firm
- agreement is split into two services - preconstruction and construction
- CMc advices n constructability of design, cost estimating, value analysis, etc
22
Q
what payment types for CMc use?
A
only 2:
- cost of work plus fee with GMP aka CM at Risk
- cost of work plus fee without GMP
- no stipulated sum option
23
Q
if CMc uses GMP, when is this established?
A
- based on completed documents, typ after DD
- establish GMP before details, specs and drawings are complete there puts it at Risk
24
Q
what are architect’s responsibilities in CMc?
A
- preconstruction responsibilities
- CA services that begin when - owner accepts GMP, owner approves CMC control estimate, and owner issues notice to proceed to CMC
- control estimate- sum of CMs establishes of cost of work plus CMs fee
25
Describe Design-Build, how many contracts? what parties are involves... aka who plays role of designer?
- owner contracts with one party , aka person or firm
- party provides both design and construction services
- can be construction contract with design services, construction contract, collaboration with architect in joint venture, real estate developer
26
who most often leads design build? the contract is between what parties?
- construction contractor with architect/engineers being consultants
- arch/engineer are contracted by contractor not the owner
27
who is the least common leader for design build?
- architects
- contractor and engineer are subcontractors to architect
28
describe the process for design build
- owners gives design build criteria
- designer uses info for prelim and proposed contract sum
- proposal is accepted and continues
29
what size projects can use design build?
small and large
- some local or state laws may control how project is completed
30
what are pros of design build?
- single source's responsibility, design and construction in one contract
- price is generally lower than in other methods
- less time
31
what are cons of design build?
- owner has less control over design and construction
-designer has control over quality of material construction methods, therefore may use low quality to stay in budget
32
who is design build usually used by?
owners with prior building experience, ie developer or people who have done this before
33
what is needed for design build to be successful?
- owner must be educated/experienced
- project criteria must be clear and completely stated
- owner may choose to hire consultant to analyze project needs and develop building progrem
- key contractors involved early in process
- contract should allow for adjustments in time and cost
- contract should provide method of dispute resolution
- forms of communication and tech should be agreed upon
- trust and willingness to work together by parties
34
what are owners responsibilities in design build?
- owner takes many duties normally performed by architect
- reviewing/approving submittals, approving changes submitted by design-building, site visits, reject nonconforming work
35
what kind of fee agreement is used for design build
stipulated sum, cost of worker plus fee, cost of work plus fee with GMP
36
what are architect's responsibilities in design build?
- design admin services, design scheduling, consultant coordination, design presentations, and assistance with submissions to authorities
- evaluation of project criteria by owner
- normal design of project based on owners project criteria
- providing construction docs and specs
37
explain bridging, what parties are involved
- variation of design build
- owner hires architect or engineer to be project manager
38
what are architects responsibilities in bridging
- acts as advisor and works with owner to develop project criteria
- gains needed approvals for project
- develops prelim scope drawings and specs to give to firms interested in developing project
39
what do the aia contracts say about bridging?
- owner makes project available for bidding by design firms
- when firm selected, takes over AE's responsibilities and produces final detailed construction documents
- AE reviews final docs for design intent but doesnt take legal responsibility
- AE submits for submittals permits and constructs
40
what does bridging focus on?
Focuses on design intent — develops preliminary design documents and ensures final product matches owner’s design goals
41
explain design assist contracting
- method where specialty subcontractors or trades are included early in design and construction document phases to help with development of complex or unique portions of building
42
example where design assist is used
- designing v specific facade, subcontractor will know more and be able to provide drawings and specs in CDs
43
how many contracts in design assist?
only one agreement
44
explain integrated project delivery
- all participants collaborate closely form early concept till move in
- best design and most efficient and cost effective building
45
how many contracts in IPD?
-multiple prime contracts
46
what are the phases for IPD?
- conceptualization - predesign
- criteria design - SD
- detailed design - DD
- implementation documents - CDs
- agency review- buyout
- construction -CA
- Closeout
47
is IPD shorter or longer than other processes?
- design phase takes longer but overall project delivery will be shorter
48
what does IPD heavily depend on?
tech, communication, and BIM
49
what are pros of IPD?
- better design
- shorter project delivery time
- lower cost
- quality construction
- fewer problems in construction
50
what are the 3 primary contractual relationships for IPD, as stated in A295? explain each ADD-
- transitional forms
- multiparty agreements
- single purpose entities
51
what is an architect's contractual responsibility when coordinating with consultants?
- coordination
- hold primary contract
- receives payment
- paying consultant
52
what is architect's other duties to consultant
- informing consultants about applicable code and design decisions
53
if consultants are contracted by owner, what is the owner responsible for? what is the architect responsible for?
- owner responsible for all coordination
- arch doesn't have to worry about payment, but may lose ability to direct consultant
54
what are requirements for having successful coordination with consultants?
- developed list of reliable people
- check references and past work before hiring
- plan and outline work needed before giving it to the consultant
- set up strict schedule and progress meetings
- do not assume all work is being completed as contracted
