Dementia Flashcards
(39 cards)
How many people are currently living in Scotland with dementia?
90,000
In DSM-5 what is ‘dementia’ replaced with?
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Which of the following is conducted to asses dementia?
- MRI
- Neuro-imaging
- Blood test
- CSF sample examination
- physical exam
- cognitive exam
- neuro imaging
- csf sample
- physical examination
- cognitive examination
Neuro psychology adresses the link between:
- Brain and emotions
- Brain and Behaviour
- Brain and memory
- Memory and Behaviour
Brain and Behaviour
Name some domains examined when assessing for dementia?
Mood Executive functions Effort/Motivation Language Visuospacial Awareness Attention Memory Premorbid Function
What is a CDR?
a Clinical Dementia Rating.
What is the GDS?
the Global Deterioration Scale:
- A scale of 7 clinical stages.
- Stages 1-4 range from normality to mild dementia.
What are the 5 pillars for management of dementia?
- Supporting community connections
- Peer support
- Planning for future care
- Understanding the illness/ managing symptoms
- Planning for future decision making
who might be included in the multidisciplinary team supporting dementia?
- SLT
- OT
- PT
- GP
- Neurologist
- Psychiatrist
- Palliative care team
Which of the following are pharmacological interventions for dementia?
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors
- Ginkgo
- Anti-inflammatories
- Antidepressants
- Salvia
- lithium
- Antipsychotics
- Aspirin
- Oestrogen
- Trazodone
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors
- Ginkgo
- Antidepressants
- Salvia
- Antipsychotics
- Trazodone
Examples of non-pharmacological intervention?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Multisensory Stimulation Physical Activities Arts therapy (music, art) Validation therapy Reminiscence therapy Family/Caregiver Intervention Programmes
What are the 4 types of dementia?
- Cortical
- Subcortical
- Mixed cortical/subcortical
- Treatable
What type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease?
Cortical.
What is the most common form of dementia?
AD
60-70% of dementia cases
What is the Amyloid hypothesis for AD?
- Excess amyloid peptides clump together
- Form diffuse plaques>
- Plaques block neural pathways and cause an inflammatory process>
- Inflammation can lead to formation of neuritic plaques
- Causing synaptic and nueritic injury and cell death
Symptoms of AD?
-Symptoms include memory problems (recent)
-language problems (verbal fluency & word finding)
-visuospatial dysfunction
-deterioration in ability to perform basic tasks
-behavioural disturbance (aggression, wandering,
agitation, inappropriacy, apathy)
Risk factors for AD?
Down’s syndrome Advanced Age Female Genetic predisposition History of TBI Lifestyle Factors
BEHAVIOURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?
Anxiety Agitation Aggression Wandering Hallucinations Delusions Depression
What is Mild Cognitive Impairment?
An intermediate stage in cognitive function between the natural changes of ageing and the progressive decline of dementia.
What does MCI mostly affect?
- Memory
- Judgment
- Language
- Attention
someone with MCI might also suffer with?
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Agression
What is the prevalence of MCI?
3-19%
What is the risk for someone with MCI developing dementia?
11-33% over 2 years
In vascular dementia what is most affected and what changes are seen earliest?
- Executive functions more affected than memory
- Motor and mood changes spotted the earliest
