STROKE Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is a cerebrovascular event?
A stroke.
What number of people are estimated to have a stroke each year in the UK?
150,000 people (estimated)
how many deaths each year from stroke? (in the UK)
53,000 people
which age group has the highest number of cases?
> 65 yrs old
Name 3 risk factors for stroke?
- high cholesterol
- bad diet
- diabetes
- lack of physical activity
- obesity
- hypertension
- alcahol
- smoking
What does F.A.S.T stand for?
- face
- arms
- speech
- time to call 999
If there is a blockage in the middle cerebral artery, what areas of the brain are affected?
Frontal, Temporal and Parietal lobes
Wallenburg syndrome is associated with which area of the brain and which vascular territory?
The Lateral Medulla
The Vertebral Artery
The Basilar artery affects the Pons: What syndrome is associated with a deficit in this area and what are its symptoms?
Locked in Syndrome: bilateral progressive quadriplegia and facial weakness.
What are the two types of brain imaging scan and which one would be preformed first?
- CT scan (preformed first : faster)
and
-MRI
What blood tests might be preformed?
- A Blood Glucose test
- Platelet count
A platelet count could show too much clotting or too little clotting in the blood: what is this called?
- Too much clotting: bleeding disorder
- Too little clotting: Thrombotic disorder
What is an ECG?
An Electrocardiogram
Records hearts electrical activity: its rhythm
Why might a Lumbar puncture be used?
Can be used to confirm/rule out diagnosis of
subarachnoid haemorrhage
( Shows if there are any traces of blood within the cerebrospinal fluid)
What are the two types of stroke?
- Haemorrhage stroke: Bleed in the brain
2. Ischaemic stroke: Blockage
What are the two types of haemorrhage stroke?
- Intracerebral
2. Subarachoid
Which type of stroke is more common?
Ischaemic stroke
Intracerebral Haemorrhages most commonly occur in which area of the brain?
- The Basal Ganglia (50% of ICH’s)
When a bleed occurs, pressure is put on the surrounding area. why?
Because the blood from the bleed collects to form a Haematoma.
What are the 4 types of Ischaemic stroke?
- Embolic infarct
- Thrombotic infarct
- Lacunar infarct
- Ischaemic attack of unknown cause
What is an Embolic infarct?
A blood clot (embolism) forms in one part of body, travels through bloodstream, and lodges in and obstructs a blood vessel in the brain.
(accounts for 20-30% ischaemic strokes)
What is a thrombotic infarct?
A blood clot forms in an artery that supplies the brain, causing tissue death.
Usually occurs as a result of plaque build-up in arteries and develops overtime.
(10-15% cases)
What is a Lacunar infarct?
Usually occurs as a result of arterial blockage caused by high blood pressure (hypertension) • This type of stroke has the best prognosis • Approx 20% cases
What is a TIA?
Transient Ischaemic Attack : symptoms of a stroke but they resolve within 24 hours. Patients who suffer TIA are at significant risk of stroke.
