demographic changes

Question 1

family patterns

Answer 1

1)smaller average family size with an average of 2 children in 21st century.
2) women don’t start family until 30s or 40s.

Question 2

statistics regarding mortality

Answer 2

1) 1901 - 25% deaths were babies under one
2) 2005 - 1% deaths
3) families no longer need to have large amounts of babies to ensure survival until adulthood

Question 3

economic factors affecting birth rates

Answer 3

1) children seen as economic assets in 19th century as they worked to bring money into family
2) 21st century - children financial burden, financially dependent on parents, excluded from paid work until 16, school leaving age increased to 16

Question 4

how has women opportunities lead to lower birth rates

Answer 4

women delay having children to focus on their carer = less children or childless

Question 5

how has changing social attitudes lead to lower birth rates

Answer 5

1) up until 29th century large families were desirable
2) mid 20th century - small families became the norm

Question 6

how has contraception and abortion helped to lower birth rates

Answer 6

1) planned parenthood
2) 1968 abortion legal in England and wales - choice now given.

Question 7

causing of an ageing population

Answer 7

increased life expectancy

Question 8

2 problems of an ageing population

Answer 8

1) increased public spending
2) dependence on family members

Question 9

how does an ageing population cause increased public spending

Answer 9

1) more likely to require health and social services
2) state pensions

Question 10

Grundy and Henrietta 2006 - agening population

Answer 10

’ sandwhich generation’
middle aged women reposibile for caring for old relatives as well as children.
feminist critique of ageing population.