Dental Anomalies Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is hypodontia?
Congenital absence of one or more teeth.
What is the most common tooth to be congenitally missing?
Third molar.
Then upper laterals
Mandibular premolars
Which teeth are least likely to be congenitally missing?
First permanent molars and upper centrals.
What conditions are associated with hypodontia?
Ectodermal dysplasia
Down’s syndrome
Cleft lip and palate
Hurler’s syndrome
Incontinentia Pigmentii
What restorative issues can occur in hypodontia?
Over-eruption of canine into upper lateral space
Loss of space- drifting of adjacent teeth
Too much space
Infra-occluded primary tooth if no permanent successor
Abnormal shape and abnormal form
Deep overbite
Reduced LFH
What is the chronology go dental management of hypodontia?
Diagnosis
Removable prosthesis in mixed dentition stage
Orthodontics to open or close spaces +/- restorative work
Composite build ups
Porcelain veneers
Crowns and bridges
Implants
- when the child has stopped growing.
Preventative treatment throughout- don’t want the child losing any more teeth.
Hypotonia children would be classed as high caries risk- follow the enhanced prevention pathway.
What is hyperdontia?
Patient has extra teeth
Where is hyperdontia most common?
In the maxilla
Higher frequency in cleidocranial dysplasia
What are the four types of supernumerary?
Conical- cone shaped
Tuberculate- barrel shaped, has tubercles
Supplemental- looks like a tooth of normal series
Odontome- irregular mass of dental hard tissues
- Compound or complex
What is a microdont?
Smaller than normal tooth/teeth- peg shaped laterals
What is a macrodont?
Larger than normal tooth.
What is the difference between gemination and fusion?
Gemination- tooth splits into two
Fusion- 2 teeth fuse together
What is taurodontism?
Crown is enlarged but the roots are reduced- pulp extends high occlusally.
Flame shaped pulp
What is dilaceration?
Crown or root deviates from the other part of the tooth.
What is an accessory cusp?
Additional cusp found on a tooth- talon cusp.
What is Dens in Dente?
Tooth within a tooth- invaginations within the tooth which have their own pulp system.
Why is prevention important in teeth that are dens in dente?
If bacterial ingress occurs, it is impossible to perform root treatments- only option would be to extract.
Why might a tooth have short roots?
Radiotherapy
Dentine dysplasia
Accessory roots
Ortho treatment
Why might localised enamel hypoplasia have occurred?
Trauma to primary tooth which has impacted the permanent tooth
Infection of the primary tooth
What would be the treatment for localised enamel hypoplasia/hypomineralisation?
Composite restorations.
If someone has generalised enamel hypoplasia, what is it important to determine?
If the cause is environmental or hereditary.
What causes might cause generalised environmental enamel hypoplasia?
Fluorosis- symmetrical, diffuse white patches on the teeth, some patients may have brown patches.
- treat with micro abrasion/veneers/ vital bleaching
MIH- molar incisor hypo mineralisation
What periods of development might cause a generalised enamel defect?
Prenatal- rubella, congenital syphillis, thalidomide, cardiac and kidney disease, drug use
- focussing on the pregnancy
Neonatal- prematurity, meningitis, difficult delivery (starved of oxygen).
Postnatal- otitis media, measles, chickenpox, TB, pneumonia, diphtheria, long term heart problem.
- focus on first year of life.
What cause could be generalised hereditary?
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
