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3RD yr- CCD1- Clinical > dental anomalies > Flashcards

dental anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

When do dental anomalies occur

A

Can occur at various stages of the dental development

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2
Q

How can we describe anomalies in the number of teeth

A
  1. Hyperdontia
  2. Hypodontia
  3. Retained primary teeth
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3
Q

What is hyperdontia

A

Increase number of teeth than expected

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4
Q

What is hypodontia

A

Missing or less number of teeth than expected

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5
Q

What is another term for hyperdontia

A

Supernumerary teeth

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6
Q

Where is hyperdontia most commonly found in the mouth

A

Midline between the central incisors and the pre molar molar area

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7
Q

What can hyperdontia be associated with?

A

Cleidocranial dysostosis
Gardener syndrome
Cleft lip and palate

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8
Q

Name a common form of hyperdontia

A

Mesiodens

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9
Q

What is mesiodens

A

It is a supernumerary tooth present in the midline between the two central incisors

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10
Q

What does mesiodens usually cause

A 
Results in oral problems such as:
Malocclusion 
Food impaction 
Poor aesthetics
Cyst formation
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11
Q

What is the prevalence of mesiodens

A

0.09%-2.05%

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12
Q

Describe the supernumerary tooth present in mesiodens

A

Often a pet shaped tooth or small rudimentary supernumerary teeth found at the midline of the central incisors

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13
Q

What is hypodontia usually due to

A

Obstruction of the dental lamina and/or lack of space for development or failure of initiation of the mesenchyme

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14
Q

Which teeth are usually affected by hypodontia

A

Permanent teeth are mostly affected

most commonly 3rd molar followed by the 2nd molar and maxillary lateral incisor

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15
Q

What can hypodontia be associated with

A

Ectodermal dysplasia

Cleft lip and palate

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16
Q

Name the different types of hypodontia

A
  1. Oligodontia

2. Anodontia

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17
Q

What is oligodontia

A

More than 6 teeth missing

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18
Q

What is anodontia

A

Complete loss of all teeth in the arch

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19
Q

What is a retained deciduous tooth

A

A deciduous tooth that hasn’t fallen out and has been retained by the jaw

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20
Q

What problems can a retained deciduous tooth lead to

A

Can lead to malocclusion or prevent permeant successor from erupting

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21
Q

How can we describe anomalies in the teeth related to size

A
  1. Macrodontia

2. Microdontia

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22
Q

What is macrodontia

A

Describes teeth that are bigger than normal

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23
Q

What is microdontia

A

Describes teeth that are smaller than normal

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24
Q

How can we describe anomalies in the teeth related to shape

A
  1. Dens evagintus
  2. Dens invagintus
  3. Germination and fusion
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25
Q

What is dens evaginitus?

A

Enamel pearls on the occlusal surface

26
Q

What is dens invaginitus

A

Is a tooth within a tooth

27
Q

What is another term for dens invaginitus?

A

Dens on dens

28
Q

What is fusion

A

A fused supernumerary tooth

29
Q

What is germination

A

Twinned tooth

30
Q

Which teeth are usually affected by macrodontia

A

Maxillary canines

31
Q

What diseases can be associated with macrodontia

A

Pituitary gigantism
Craniofacial dystosis
Congenital facial hemihypertrophy

32
Q

Which teeth are most affected by microdontia

A

Maxillary laterals

33
Q

What diseases can be associated with microdontia

A

Downs syndrome

Ectodermal dysplasia

34
Q

What problems are associated with dens evagintaus

A

Can affect mastication

Pearl can contain pulp tissue

35
Q

How can we describe anomalies in the teeth related to structure

A
  1. Amelogenisis imperfecta
  2. Dentinogeneisis imperfecta
  3. Dentin dysplasia
  4. Molar incisor hypominerlaisation
36
Q

What is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

It is a hereditary condition affecting the enamel of all teeth

37
Q

What is amelogenesis imperfecta caused by

A

gene mutations (so far 16 means have been identified)

38
Q

Name the 3 types of amelogenesis imperfecta

A
  1. Hypoplastic
  2. Hypocalcification
  3. Hypomaturation
39
Q

Describe hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Pitted discoloured enamel very prone to caries and attrition

40
Q

What is hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta associated with

A

Open bites

41
Q

What is hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta caused by

A

Mutation in matrix protein coding genes

42
Q

What is hypo calcification amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Discoloured hypo-mineralised soft enamel that chips away and breaks under mastication

43
Q

What is hypo calcification amelogenesis imperfecta caused by

A

Mutations in matrix metalloproteinases leading to retention of protein and hypo calcification

44
Q

What is hypo maturation amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Discoloured hypo-mineralised soft enamel that chips away and breaks under mastication

45
Q

What is hypo maturation amelogenesis imperfecta caused by

A

Mutations in matrix metalloproteinases leading to retention of protein and hypo maturations

46
Q

What is dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) characterised by

A

Abnormal dentine structure

47
Q

List the types of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

type I
type II
type III

48
Q

Describe DGI type 1

A

It is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta and mutations in COL1A and COL2A

49
Q

Describe DGI type II

A

Associated with loss of hearing at older ages and mutation in gene encoding DSPP

50
Q

Describe DGI type iii

A

Ashkenazi jewish ethnicity and mutation in gene encoding DSPP

51
Q

What is dentine dysplasia related to

A

Malformation of the dentine

52
Q

How many types of dentine dysplasia are there

A

Type I

Type II

53
Q

Describe dentine dysplasia type I

A 
Crown is normal radiographically 
Both dentitions are affected
Roots are rudimentary and sharp 
Incomplete pulp obliteration 
Extreme tooth mobility and premature exfoliation
54
Q

Describe dentine dysplasia type II

A

Mostly affected is the primary dentition

is permeant dentition affected it shows thinner roots and occasional pulp stones

55
Q

What is molar incisor hypomineralisation lead to

A

Leads to chipping of enamel, discolouration of teeth

56
Q

List some systemic syndromes associated with dental anomalies

A
  1. Ectodermal dysplasia

2. Cleiodocrania dysostosis

57
Q

What is ectodermal dysplasia

A

Comprises of a large heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that are defined by primary defects in the development of 2 or more tissues derived from embryonic ectoderm

58
Q

Which tissues are involved in ectodermal dysplasia

A

The skin and its appendages and teeth

59
Q

Give some oral symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia

A 
Soft discoloured enamel 
Small peg shaped teeth 
Abnormally shaped roots 
Missin teeth 
Xerostomaia 
Underdeveloped alveolar bone 
Pointed chin
60
Q

What is Cleiodocrania dysostosis

A

A rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutation of RUNX-2

61
Q

What is happens in Cleiodocrania dysostosis

A

1/ Underdeveloped or absent collar bones

  1. Late closure of skull fontanels
  2. High vaulted palate
  3. short stature
  4. Osteopenia and osteoporosis
  5. Hearin loss

3RD yr- CCD1- Clinical (7 decks)

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