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3RD yr- CCD1- Clinical > The clinical use of fluoride > Flashcards

The clinical use of fluoride Flashcards

1
Q

List some groups of children who are being targeted fro prevention of dental caries

A
  1. Young caries price children
  2. Disabled
  3. Socially deprived/ low socio economic
  4. Immigrant groups
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2
Q

What does prevention include

A
  1. Diet control
  2. Tooth brushing
  3. Flouride
  4. Fissure sealants
  5. Regular check ups at the dentist
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3
Q

Talk through the mechanisms of fluoride

A
  1. Decreases the solubility of enamel
  2. Inhibition of plaque bacterial enzyme system
  3. Inhibits demineralisation when in solution
  4. Enhances remineralise by forming fluroapatite
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4
Q

State the critical pH

A

5.5

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5
Q

What happens to enamel when the pH drops below 5

A

it demineralises

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6
Q

What happens to enamel when the pH is above 7

A

Remineralises

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7
Q

What happens to hydroxyapatite in the presence of fluoride

A

It form fluorapatite

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8
Q

Describe fluorapatite

A

Fluorapatite is resistant to acid attack until the pH drops to 3.5

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9
Q

Where is fluoride most effect in the oral cavity

A

Activity of the fluoride ion in the oral fluid is of most importance in reducing enamel solubility

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10
Q

Where can fluoride be found

A
  1. Mouth wash
  2. Supplements
  3. Varnishes
  4. Toothpastes
  5. Gels
  6. Water, salt and milk
  7. Devices
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11
Q

What is the optimum level of fluoride in water

A

1 ppm

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12
Q

If the water fluoridation level is 1ppm what effect does this have on caries

A

Caries can be reduced by 50 %

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13
Q

How effective are fluoride tablets and drops

A

Results of caries reduction vary 20-80%

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of prescribing fluoride tablets and drops

A

Poor compliance and overdosing can lead to fluorosis

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15
Q

How much fluoride does toothpaste contain

A

1000 or 1450 ppm in adult toothpaste

250-500ppm in child formulas

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16
Q

What advice should we give parents about their childs oral health

A
  1. Brush twice a day
  2. The child may need help with brushing
  3. Half a pea size amount or small smear of toothpaste
  4. Rinse dont spit
17
Q

List some factors involved in the balance between caries and fluorosis

A
  1. F concentration of paste
  2. Amount of paste used
  3. Water rinsing
  4. Frequency of brushing
18
Q

Which has more benefits brushing before or after breakfast

A

Before

19
Q

What are the benefits of brushing before breakfast

A
  1. Removes plaque
  2. Minimises acidogenic response
  3. Provides intra oral fluoride before acid challenge
20
Q

What are the problems with brushing after breakfast

A
  1. Acidogenic response has occurred.
  2. Teeth softened
  3. Further mineral loss by abrasion of tooth brushing
  4. No fluoride before acid attack (breakfast)
21
Q

What advice should we give parents about when to brush their Childs teeth

A

First thing in the morning and last thing at night

22
Q

When should we apply fluoride varnish

A

Bi annual application or quarterly

23
Q

How effective are mouth rinses

A

20-50% Caries reduction

24
Q

How effective are fluoride varnishes

A

50-70% caries reduction

25
Q

What is flouride varnish

A

Duraphat 5% NaF 22,600ppm

26
Q

Where can we get fluoride from in our diet

A
  1. Salt
  2. Milk
  3. Orange juice
  4. Mineral water
27
Q

What do we recommend (in terms of fluoride) for orthodontic cases

A

Fluoride toothpaste

Daily F rinse

28
Q

What do we recommend (in terms of fluoride) for erosion cases

A
  1. fluoride toothpaste
  2. Daily fluoride rinse
  3. fluoride varnish
29
Q

List some early symptoms of fluoride toxicity

A
  1. Nausea
  2. Vomiting
  3. Hypersalivation
  4. Abnormal pain
  5. Diarrhoae
30
Q

List some late symptoms of fluoride toxicity

A
  1. Convulsion s
  2. Cardiac failure
  3. Respiratory failure
  4. Death
31
Q

How do we treat fluoride toxicity

A
  1. Induce vomiting to remove fluoride
  2. Give milk or 1% calcium gluconate orally to slow fluoride absorption
  3. Advise hospital of acute fluoride poisoning
32
Q

What is the probably toxic dose

A

The minimum amount of fluoride ingestion that requires action

33
Q

How is the probably toxic dose of fluoride calculated

A

5mg/Kg body weight

34
Q

How is the certainly lethal dose of fluoride calculated

A

32-64mgF/ Kg body weight

35
Q

How is the safely tolerated doe of fluoride calculated

A

8-16 mgF/Kg Body Weight

36
Q

Name the different dental types of chronic fluorosis

A
  1. Demarcated
  2. Diffuse
  3. Hypoplastic
  4. Combinations
37
Q

How do we treat dental fluorosis

A
  1. Microabrasion
  2. Composite veneers
  3. Porcelain veneers
  4. Crowns
38
Q

How do we carry out Microabrasion

A
  1. Isolate the tooth using dry dam or cotton wool
  2. Apply 37% phosphoric acid etchant
  3. Leave for 2mins
  4. Pumice each surface for 1 min
  5. Repeat 3 times at each visit
  6. Apply clear fluoride solution

3RD yr- CCD1- Clinical (7 decks)

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