Dental Anxiety - Guillot

Question 1

Defensive behavior and physiological responses (defensive survival circuit) that you can’t control is what system

Answer 1

subcortical

Question 2

Emotional fear/anxiety response (conscious feelings) that involves learning/working memory and motivates future behavior/survival is what system

Answer 2

cortical

Question 3

Present-oriented state that’s
responding to an immediate threat

Answer 3

Fear

Question 4

Future-oriented state that’s
responding to an anticipated threat

Answer 4

Anxiety

Question 5

Fear and anxiety are both largely mediated by what nervous system

Answer 5

sympathetic

Question 6

Frontal lobe located anterior to the cortical motor areas (“everything in the frontal lobe, except motor areas”)

Answer 6

PFC

Question 7

what are the 4 regions of the PFC

Answer 7

dorsolateral PFC
ventromedial PFC
lateral OFC
medial OFC (part of limbic cortex)

Question 8

What part of the PFC are these associated with:

Higher-order intellectual traits and behaviors (executive functions)

Analytical ability, problem solving, and mathematical ability, abstractions

Goal-directed behaviors, delaying gratification, planning

Rejection of inappropriate alternatives based on past experience (judgment,
foresight, decision making)

Regulatory role for pts to decide to engage in dental care, despite negative emotions

Conscious awareness of emotions

Answer 8

Dorsolateral PFC

Question 9

What part of the PFC are these associated with:

Site of safety learning/fear extinction: turns OFF the amygdala with cognitive training (can inhibit fear response)

Closely linked to emotional behavior and basic drive states (personality, appropriate social conduct and emotional responses, motivation and drive)

Answer 9

Ventromedial PFC

Question 10

what 2 regions of the PFC can down regulate the amygdala

Answer 10

dorsolateral and ventromedial PFC

Question 11

Training or therapy to reduce the fear response:

Increases activity in the ______PFC and _______ PFC

Reduces activity in the _______

Answer 11

dorsolateral ; ventromedial

amygdala

Question 12

Which region of the OFC preferentially activates with POSITIVE affect (deficient in anxiety disorders = fewer cells or less activity)

Answer 12

Medial

Question 13

Which region of the OFC preferentially activates with NEGATIVE affect (excess in anxiety disorders)

Answer 13

lateral

Question 14

Group of cortical and subcortical structures is what system

Answer 14

Limbic system

Question 15

Limbic system regulates HOME, what is this?

Answer 15

Homeostasis: autonomics/ neuro-endocrine control (hypothalamus)

Olfaction (olfactory cortex)

Memory (hippocampus)

Emotion and drives (amygdala)

Question 16

What gyrus modulates sensory perceptions related to emotional, motivational, and attentional changes

Answer 16

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus (ACC)

Question 17

What anterior portion is part of the limbic system and is associated with the following:

Conscious experience of somatic sensations (interoceptive stimuli) aka being aware of your heart pounding as you sit down to take a big exam

Decision making integrates sensory inputs, emotions, interoceptive stimuli

Answer 17

Insula

Question 18

The insula integrates sensory inputs, emotions, interoceptive stimuli with connections to the ________ and _________ PFC

Answer 18

ACC ; dorsolateral

Question 19

The insula is often co-activated with _______ during emotional processing

Answer 19

amygdala

Question 20

The hippocampal formation (HF) is located in the

Answer 20

medial temporal lobe

Question 21

What is associated with memory and is crucial of making new memories

Answer 21

Hippocampal Formation (HF)

Question 22

Memory is not stored in the _____ , it is process in the ______ , and then sent back to its specific area for _______

Answer 22

HF ; HF ; storage

Question 23

Group of cells also located in the anteromedial temporal lobe, anterior to the HF is the

Answer 23

amgydala

Question 24

What helps associate stimuli with emotional states

Answer 24

amygdala

Question 25

Emotion + associated physiologic (autonomic, endocrine, and skeletomotor) responses

Answer 25

Emotional State

Question 26

The amygdala/emotional states are mediated by what 3 things

Answer 26

limbic cortices diverse cortical & subcortical connections

Question 27

Associated with amygdala output to nucleus accumbens is related to _______ emotional responses

Answer 27

positive

Question 28

The _________ is important in how we expecience fear

Answer 28

amygdala

Question 29

Associated with amygdala output to multiple areas and epileptiform discharges from amygdala produce feelings of fear or dread is related to _________ emotional responses

Answer 29

Negative/stressful (like fear)

Question 30

Plays a key role in processing threats

Answer 30

Amygdala

Question 31

_____ and ________ process potential threats and produce anxiety

Answer 31

ACC ; insular cortex

Question 32

Plays a key role in “learned helplessness"

Answer 32

Amygdala

Question 33

Emotional states influence memory and learning; memories stir emotions of their original event

Answer 33

Amygdala

Question 34

Collection of subcortical “ganglia” (misnomer because it's in the CNS and should be called nuclei) 5 fundamental components that modulate movement + nucleus accumbens Some of the 5 movement nuclei are also associated with emotional regulation

Answer 34

Basal ganglia

Question 35

Hypnosis limits ______ processing

Answer 35

sensory