Dental Diseases

Question 1

Triadan system of horses

Answer 1

100-400 (permanent)
- 3 incisors
- 4 canines
- 2-4 premolars
- 3 molars
- 1 premolar (occasionally)

Question 1

Hypsodont?

Answer 1

Tooth erupts continuously

Question 2

how do horses chew

Answer 2

oval or figure of 8 motion
- the lower jaw grinds against the upper jaw

Question 3

What is malocclusion

Answer 3

This is the development of an uneven or “wavelike” appearance of the premolars and molars.

Question 4

How malocclusion develops

Answer 4

When there is improper position and contact between the teeth that lead to inefficient chewing, bit discomfort, excessive wear and premature loss of teeth.

Question 5

Define rostral hook.

Answer 5

The dominant upper from premolars overhang lower premolars. This is either hereditary or developmental

Question 6

What is caudal hook

Answer 6

Dominant lower or upper last molar overhanging opposing molar

Question 7

Developmental cause of caudal hook

Answer 7

the horse is born either parrot-mouthed or monkey mouthed
-2nd to another molar malocclusion that forces the jaw to disalign

Question 8

Step tooth/ step molars.

Answer 8

Molar arcade develops stepped-like appearance.
this is due to missing tooth allowing the opposing tooth to grow into the void.
treatment: regular floating

Question 9

Ramps

Answer 9

Excessive height to lower premolars
- Premolars with surface that slopes like a ski jump

Question 10

how to reduce the problem in ramps

Answer 10

The dominant tooth must be reduced to allow the opposing one to recover

Question 11

Enamel points. include etiology

Answer 11

Sharp points on the outside of the upper molars and inside of the lower molars.
-etiology: when horse stops chewing as far sideways leading to the unopposed edge tooth getting longer and having the enamel from razor sharp points

Question 12

Sheared Molar Table

Answer 12

Extreme angulation of chewing surface of molars. this is the result from the lack of lateral excursion or side-to-side chewing.
problem of this will lead to poor utilization of feed,

Question 13

Accentuated Transverse Ridges

Answer 13

Enlarged ridges that run across chewing surfaces of molars. Etiology: shift in jaw alignment or chewing in proper sideways motion.

Question 14

clinical term for a gap between teeth

Answer 14

diastema

Question 15

Solution for accentuated transverse ridges

Answer 15

Reduce enlarged ridges and allow opposing teeth to recover and the horse will chew correctly. Will improve when existing malocclusions are corrected.

Question 16

Periodontal pockets

Answer 16

Gum disease around tooth causing an area for feed to pocket. Etiology: malocclusion or misalignment of teeth

Question 17

Diastema

Answer 17

The space that occurs between two adjoining teeth. Caused by malocclusion
this may due to feed being trapped between teeth, progressive wear and severe periodontal disease

Question 18

Overbite. include treatment

Answer 18

Upper incisors protrude in front of lower incisors.
Treat: correct malocclusion/length of upper incisors

Question 19

Underbite

Answer 19

Lower incisors protrude in front of lower incisors
Treat: correct malocclusions/length of lower incisors

Question 20

Ventral curvature (smile)

Answer 20

Outer corner lower incisors grow longer relative to outer corner upper incisors.
Etiology: may occur when deciduous caps are retained on upper corner incisors preventing normal growth of permanent incisors

Question 21

Dorsal Curvature (frown)

Answer 21

Outer corner upper incisors grow longer relative to outer corner lower incisors.
This may occur when deciduous caps are retained on lower corner incisors preventing normal growth of permanent incisors.

Question 22

Offset or Diagonal Bite

Answer 22

Upper incisors on one side of mouth are excessively long and lower incisors on opposite side are excessively long (diagonal)
etiology: chewing more in one direction, cribbing or wood chewing
- this can lead to TMJ problem

Question 23

Signs to observe during TMJ issue

Answer 23

1. Head tossing due to discomfort
2. Resisting bridling/head shy
3. sticking the tongue out
4. severe performance issue
5. Decrease appetite

Question 24

Bone Spurs

Answer 24

Mandibular periostitis or abnormal bony growth due to trauma Treatment: surgical removal

Question 25

Sedation of choice for mental block in bone spur surgery

Answer 25

10-20 ug/kg IV Detomidine HCl

Question 26

Wolf tooth

Answer 26

Small shallow rooted teeth in front of premolars upper jaw

Question 27

Blind wolf tooth

Answer 27

Abnormal wolf tooth that does not break through gums.

Question 28

Stomatitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of the mouth Etiology: trauma, chemical, irritants, infectious diseases.

Question 29

Oral Tumors

Answer 29

Equine sarcoid -small, wart-like lesions to large, ulcerated fibrous growths.

Question 30

6 clinical entities of sarcoids

Answer 30

1. occult 2. verrucose 3. Nodular 4,, Fibroblastic 5. Mixed 6. Malevolent