**Dental Occlusion

Question 1

Define: occlusion

Answer 1

the static relationship between the incising or masticating surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth or tooth analogs

Question 2

Define: malocclusion

Answer 2

a problem in the way the maxillary and mandibular teeth fit together in mastication

Question 3

Is a protrusive movement side-to-side or forward?

Answer 3

forward

Question 4

Is a lateral excursive movement side-to-side or forward?

Answer 4

side-to-side

Question 5

What teeth are used to determine the anterior-posterior plane?

Answer 5

canines and first molars

Question 6

In evaluating the anterior-posterior plane, what is the ideal relationship of the maxillary and mandibular first molars?

Answer 6

the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar fits into the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

Question 7

In evaluation the anterior-posterior plane, what is the ideal relationship of the maxillary canines with the mandibular arch?

Answer 7

The cusp of the maxillary canine fits in between the mandibular canine and the first premolar

Question 8

What are the three main types of occlusion classifications?

Answer 8

Class 1, 2, 3

Question 9

Which class of occlusion is broken down into two divisions?

Answer 9

Class 2 (divisions 1 and 2)

Question 10

What classification of occlusion is considered “mesognathic/orthognathic?”

Answer 10

Class 1

Question 11

What is Class 1 malocclusion?

Answer 11

normal molar and canine relationships but other maloposed teeth

Question 12

What classification of occlusion is identified as “retrognathic?”

Answer 12

Class 2

Question 13

What is the placement of the maxillary first molar and the maxillary canine in Class 2 occlusion?

Answer 13

the maxillary first molar is forward of the mandibular first molar, and the cusp of the maxillary canine occludes in a forward position of the mandibular lateral incisor and canine

Question 14

What classification of occlusion is identified as overjet?

Answer 14

Class 2, Division 1

Question 15

What is the difference between the two divisions in Class 2 occlusion classifications?

Answer 15

Class 2, Division 1- maxillary incisors are proclined/lean outward in a prominent overjet
Class 2, Division 2- maxillary incisors are tilted inward so that the overjet is not as pronounced as in Division 1

Question 16

What classification of occlusion is identified as prognathic?

Answer 16

Class 3

Question 17

What is the classification of occlusion commonly called “underbite?”

Answer 17

Class 3

Question 18

Under what occlusion classification are the maxillary incisors positioned behind or inside the mandibular incisors?

Answer 18

Class 3

Question 19

Define: anterior open bite

Answer 19

a gap between the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors

Question 20

Define: posterior open bite

Answer 20

a gap between the cusp tips and/or occlusal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular premolars or molars

Question 21

Define: crossbite

Answer 21

an abnormal relation of one or more teeth of one arch to the opposing arch/teeth, caused by a deviation of tooth position or abnormal jaw position

Question 22

Define: anterior edge-to-edge bite

Answer 22

the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors occlude

Question 23

Define: posterior edge-to-edge bite

Answer 23

the cusp tips of the maxillary and mandibular premolars and/or molars occlude

Question 24

What does “ICP” stand for?

Answer 24

intercuspal position

Question 25

What does "MIP" stand for?

Answer 25

maximum intercuspation

Question 26

Define: intercuspal position (ICP)/maximum intercuspation (MIP)

Answer 26

the complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent of condylar position (how the teeth fit together regardless of jaw relationship)

Question 27

Define: centric relation

Answer 27

when the mandibular condoyles are directed anterior or superiorly (bone-to-bone relationship, not identifying tooth relationship)

Question 28

Define: eccentric contacts

Answer 28

tooth-to-tooth contacts that occur when the jaw moves our of central relation position, either lateral excursion (left or right) or protrusive movement (forward)

Question 29

What are anterior teeth used for?

Answer 29

to incise or tear food and protect the posterior teeth by separating them when the jaw moves into eccentric positions

Question 30

Define: canine guidance

Answer 30

the contact of the maxillary and mandibular canines that separate the posterior teeth during a lateral excursive movement

Question 31

What are posterior teeth used for?

Answer 31

to masticate or crush food before swallowing, protect the anterior teeth that are not designed to withstand heavy occlusal forces and support the overall occlusion

Question 32

Define: working/functional cusps

Answer 32

the cusp tips occluding into the opposing teeth in ICP

Question 33

Define: non-working/non-functional cusps

Answer 33

the cusp tips that do not occlude into the opposing teeth in ICP

Question 34

What are the maxillary working/functional cusps in normal ICP?

Answer 34

lingual cusps

Question 35

What are the mandibular working/functional cusps in normal ICP?

Answer 35

buccal cusps

Question 36

What are the maxillary non-working/non-functional cusps in normal ICP?

Answer 36

buccal cusps

Question 37

What are the mandibular non-working/non-functional cusps in normal ICP?

Answer 37

lingual cusps

Question 38

Define: attrition

Answer 38

the gradual loss of toot structure along the biting surfaces due to occlusal wear

Question 39

Define: facet/wear facet

Answer 39

smoot/worn areas on the incisal or occlusal surfaces resulting from cuspal function during mastication

Question 40

What is a common cause of attrition?

Answer 40

heavy bruxism/clenching or grinding at night

Question 41

What is a common cause of a wear facet?

Answer 41

premature contact of teeth during mastication

Question 42

Define: erosion

Answer 42

a chemical reaction seen at the cervical third of a tooth, causing the wearing away of tooth structure

Question 43

What is a common cause of erosion?

Answer 43

acidic diets, acid reflux or eating disorders that cause excessive vomitting

Question 44

Define: abrasion

Answer 44

the wearing away of tooth structure at the cervical third caused by friction

Question 45

What is a common cause of abrasion?

Answer 45

aggressive brushing habits or hard toothbrush bristles

Question 46

How will heavy/premature occlusal marks appear after checking with the articulating paper?

Answer 46

dense or as a halo with a center that is clean

Question 47

Do anterior or posterior teeth typically have heavier occlusal contacts?

Answer 47

posterior teeth

Question 48

Should articulating paper marks left by excursive movements be removed?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

Should all occlusal markings be removed from a new restoration?

Answer 49

No

Question 50

When checking occlusion, is it ideal to have the teeth wet or dry?

Answer 50

Dry

Question 51

What instrument do you use to check occlusion?

Answer 51

articulating paper holder

Question 52

What is the ideal position for a patient to be in to check occlusion?

Answer 52

seated in an upright position

Question 53

Why should temporary restorations be kept out of occlusion?

Answer 53

to prevent post-op sensitivity or fracture until the final restoration is completed

Question 53

List some possible symptoms/conditions that a high bite can cause.

Answer 53

-excess tooth wear -tooth pain or sensitivity -fracture of the restoration or an opposing tooth -shifting of a tooth -widening of the PDL, resulting in a loosening of the tooth -TMJ pain or additional clenching

Question 53

Can a temporary restoration be kept out of occlusion?

Answer 53

Yes

Question 54

What would a possible reason be that a restoration would be taken out of occlusion on the incisal edge?

Answer 54

to prevent fracture in excursive movements

Question 55

True or False: When possible, all restorations should adhere to ideal occlusal relationships

Answer 55

True

Question 56

In normal ICP, how are the anterior teeth positioned against each other?

Answer 56

the facial surfaces of the maxillary teeth are positioned facially to overlap the facial surfaces of the mandibular teeth