Dental radiograph

Question 1

What is the standard care for dental radiographs

Answer 1

• full mouth radiograph on every patient at every dental when periodontal disease is present
• radiograph both prior and post extraction

Question 2

Dental radiograph analog

Answer 2

• silver halide films
• more time consumiing
• re-take needed
• chmically messy and require proper handling & storage

Question 3

DR digital radiography system

Answer 3

• sensor plate (expensive)
• fast image aquisition
• sensor plate cumbersome with limited flexibility

Question 4

CR digital radiography system

Answer 4

• phosphor plate w/ wide range plate size
• flexible for positioning easily
• image saved in the phosphor and become visible when put through Scan-X system
• repositioning of the entire plate necessary
• plate degrades overtime and are susceptible to scratches

Question 5

What will affect the quality of the dental radiograph?

Answer 5

• positioning of the patient
• exposure

Question 6

What can be the reason for the dental radiographs to be too dark?

Answer 6

• overexposure
• overdevelopment

Question 7

What can cause the image to be too light?

Answer 7

• underexposure
• underdevelopment

Question 8

What can cause dental radiographs to be blurred?

Answer 8

• movement of patient
• movement of the tube
• movement of film

Question 9

The 3 important planes/ axis

Answer 9

• film/ sensor plate
• tooth
• xray beam

Question 10

Why are radiographing the maxillary premolar/molars more challenging?

Answer 10

need bisecting angle to separate the mesial root of the triple rooted teeth

Question 11

What is the bisecting angle technique?

Answer 11

creating a bisecting line between the angle of the xray plate and the tooth
- xray beam should be perpendicular to line

Question 12

What causes foreshortening of the image?

Answer 12

vertical angle too large

Question 13

What causes elongation?

Answer 13

vertical angle too small

Question 14

Degree required to take canine radiograph

Answer 14

45 degree

Question 15

Degree required to take maxillary molar/ premolar radiograph?

Answer 15

50-60 degree (tubehead directed caudal to rostral

Question 16

Techniques for radiographing mandibular canines & incisors

Answer 16

• patient in dorsal
• plate flat in mouth
• tube head angle 70 degrees
• beam directed in rostral to caudal oblique for canine teeth

Question 17

Techniques to radiograph premolar &molar in the mandible

Answer 17

parallel technique

Question 18

Why are the rostral mandibular premolars difficult to take with the parallel technique?

Answer 18

symphysis

Question 19

What are some normal anatomy of the teeth?

Answer 19

• periapical lucency of canine
• mental foramen
• mandibular canal
• palatine fissure
• mandibular symphysis

Question 20

Why can peri-apical lucency of the canine visible on the radiograph?

Answer 20

chevron effect

Question 21

What does the mandibular canal contain?

Answer 21

inferior alveolar artery, vein, & nerve

Question 22

What are mandibular symphysis composed of?

Answer 22

fibrocartilaginous tissue

Question 23

What is pupal calcification?

Answer 23

pulp stone in the colonal pulp

Question 24

What to do if unsure whether something on the teeth is normal when taking dental rads?

Answer 24

• look at contralateral radiograph
• slightly change angle of radiograph
• submit radiograph to specialist
• recommend repeat radiograph in 3,6, or 12 months

Question 25

What is horizontal bone loss?

Answer 25

- most common - generalized across the arcade - secondary to periodontal disease and host due to inflammatory response to bacterial infection - expose furcation

Question 26

What is vertical bone loss?

Answer 26

- loss of bone adjacent to tooth root - lead to earlier onset of motility

Question 27

What is periapical abscess?

Answer 27

- lucency around tooth root - result of endodontic disease (tooth non-vitality or inflammation)

Question 28

Where does periapical abscess commonly occur?

Answer 28

4th upper premolar, 1st upper molar & 1st mandibular molar

Question 29

what causes pulpitis?

Answer 29

mechanical trauma to the tooth

Question 30

What causes tooth fractures?

Answer 30

chewing on hard objects

Question 31

Main concern of tooth fracture

Answer 31

pulp exposure & pain

Question 32

What causes retained root?

Answer 32

- result from excessive force during extraction - extreme tooth weakness - ankylosis

Question 33

What causes dentigerous cysts?

Answer 33

unerupted tooth

Question 34

What can dentigerous cyst cause?

Answer 34

- fluid-filled cyst - can cause considerable local bone destruction

Question 35

What breed is predisposed to dentigerous cyst?

Answer 35

brachycephalic breed

Question 36

Characteristics of ameloblastoma

Answer 36

- destroys periodontiumof adjacent teeth - can differentiate from dentigerous cyst via gross appearance ( proliferation of gingiva)