Dental Terminology (complete) Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
Where do you find oblique ridges
A
Maxillary molars
2
Q
Which ridges make up the oblique ridges
A
- Triangular ridge of the Distal buccal cusp
2. Distal cusp ridge of the mesial lingual cusp
3
Q
What makes up a transverse ridge
A
Two adjacent triangular ridges
4
Q
What two cusps make up the oblique ridge
A
- Mesial lingual cusp
2. distal buccal cusp
5
Q
What is a deciduous tooth
A
a tooth that will be replaced by another tooth
6
Q
What is the primary dentition
A
the first set of teeth a human has, or their “baby teeth”
7
Q
When is the primary dentition normally present
A
between the ages 2-6
8
Q
How many teeth are in the primary dentition
A
20
9
Q
How many dentitions do humans have
A
2
10
Q
What is a succedaneous tooth
A
any permanent tooth that replaces a primary tooth
11
Q
how many teeth are in the permanent dentition
A
32
12
Q
What is the permanent dentition
A
the second and final set of teeth a human has, or their “adult teeth”
13
Q
What are the two arches of the mouth
A
Maxillary arch and mandibular arch
14
Q
which arch is the upper arch
A
maxillary
15
Q
which arch is the lower arch
A
mandible
16
Q
What are the classes of primary teeth
A
Incisors
Canines
Molars
17
Q
What are the classes of the permanent teeth
A
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
18
Q
What are the types of incisors in the primary dentition
A
Lateral incisors
Central Incisors
19
Q
How many incisors are in the primary dentition
A
8 (4 central and 4 lateral)
20
Q
How many Canines are in the primary dentition
A
4 (2 per arch)
21
Q
How many molars are in the primary dentition
A
8 (4-1st molars and 4-2nd molars)
22
Q
What are the types of molars in the primary dentition
A
1st molars
2nd molars
23
Q
Are the 1st molars in primary dentition distal or mesial to the 2nd molars
A
1st molars are mesial to the 2nd molar
24
Q
How many incisors are there in the permanent dentition
A
8 (4 central and 4 lateral)
25
What are the types of incisors in the permanent dentition
Central and lateral
26
How many canines are in the permanent dentition
4 (2 per arch)
27
How many molars are in the permanent dentition
12 (4- 1st molars, 4-2nd molars, 4-3rd molars)
28
which primary teeth are also deciduous teeth
all of them (assuming they are all replaced by the permanent dentition)
29
How many of the permanent teeth are succedaneous teeth
20
30
Which teeth in the permanent dentition aren't succedaneous
The 12 molars
31
Which teeth are also referred to as your wisdom teeth
the 3rd molars
32
Where are the 3rd molars in relation to the 1st and 2nd molars
they are distal to the 1st and 2nd molars
33
How many premolars are in the permanent dentition
8 (4-1st premolars, 4-2nd premolars)
34
where are the 1st premolars in relation to the 2nd premolars
the 1st premolars are mesial to the 2nd premolars
35
What is the dental formula for the primary teeth
I (2/2)C(1/1)M(2/2) = 10 (on one half of the mouth) x 2 (sides of the mouth) = 20 teeth total
36
What is important to remember when doing the dental formulas for the number of teeth
That the equation is referring to the # of each type of tooth in the upper QUADRANT, over the # of the same type of tooth in the lower QUADRANT.
37
What is the dental formula for the permanent teeth
I (2/2)C(1/1)PM(2/2)M(3/3) = 16 (on one half of the mouth) x 2 (sides of the mouth) = 32 teeth total
38
What is the universal numbering system for permanent dentition
number the teeth from 1-32 starting at the maxillary right 3rd molar, moving across to the maxillary left 3rd molar, then from the mandibular left 3rd molar, and ending at the mandibular right 3rd molar
39
Where is the universal numbering system used
In the USA
40
What is the universal numbering system for primary dentition
Alphabetize the teeth from A-T starting at the maxillary right 2nd molar, moving across to the maxillary left 2nd molar, then from the mandibular left 2nd molar, and ending at the mandibular right 2nd molar
41
who uses the palmer notation for teeth identification
Orthodontists and Oral Surgeons
42
What is another name for the palmer notation system
Zsigmondy notation system
43
How is the Palmer notation system used with the permanent dentition
1. the mouth is divided into quadrants
2. Each is numbered 1-8 starting at the central incisor and ending at the 3rd molar
3. A 90 degree angle bracket is drawn indicating which quadrant is being referred to, and the number of the tooth is written inside the bracket to identify which tooth in the specified quadrant is being referred to.
44
How is the palmer notation system used with the primary dentition
1. the mouth is divided into quadrants
2. Each is given a letter A-E starting at the central incisor and ending at the 2nd molar
3. A 90 degree angle bracket is drawn indicating which quadrant is being referred to, and the number of the tooth is written inside the bracket to identify which tooth in the specified quadrant is being referred to.
45
Where is the international notation system used
Everywhere but in the US
46
How is the international notation system used in the permanent dentition
1. the mouth is divided up into 4 quadrants, and they are given a number. (Upper right = 1, upper left = 2, lower left = 3, lower right = 4)
2. the teeth are numbered 1-8 from the midline and moving distally starting with the central incisor (1), and ending with the 3rd molar(8).
3. The quadrant number of the tooth is the first number, and the tooth number is second.
11 = upper right central incisor
47
How is the international notation system used in the primary dentition
1. the mouth is divided up into 4 quadrants, and they are given a number. (Upper right = 5, upper left = 6, lower left = 7, lower right = 8)
2. the teeth are numbered 1-5 from the midline and moving distally starting with the central incisor (1), and ending with the 2nd molar(5).
3. The quadrant number of the tooth is the first number, and the tooth number is second.
51 = upper right central incisor
48
What makes up the periodontium
1. Alveolar Bone
2. Periodontal Ligament
3. Cementum
4. Gingiva
49
What are the two classifications of the gingiva
1. Free gingiva
| 2. attached gingiva
50
What is the gingival margin
the high point of the gingiva, just as it comes into contact with the tooth. it touches the tooth but is not attached
51
what is the gingival sulcus
the dip, or gap between the gingiva and the tooth.
52
What is another name for a canine
cuspid
53
what is another name for a premolar
bicuspid
54
What is the periodontium
anything that supports the tooth
55
what is the average depth of the gingival sulcus in a healthy mouth
1-3 mm
56
What is the periodontal ligament
Very small ligaments that connect the alveolar bone to the cementum on the root of the tooth
57
What is the cementum
The outermost layer of the tooth root to which the periodontal ligament attaches
58
What is the difference between free and attached gingiva
The attached gingiva is directly attached to the alveolar bone, where as the free gingiva is not
59
What is the interdental papillae
It is the gingival margin or tissue, that occupies the space between the teeth in the shape of a triangle
60
Is the interdental papillae attached or free gingiva
it is free gingiva
61
What is a black triangle
when the interdental papillae has recessed enough that there is a gap between two adjacent teeth near their middle and cervical thirds.
62
What are the four tissues of the tooth
1. Cementum
2. Enamel
3. Dentin
4. Pulp Chamber
63
What is the pulp chamber?
A non calcified part of the tooth where the nerves and the blood vessels are in the tooth
64
What is the CEJ?
the Cementoenamel junction (the place where the cementum and the enamel meet up)
65
What is another name for the Cementoenamel junction
The cervical line
66
What is the DEJ
The dentinoenamel junction (the place where the dentin and the enamel contact each other)
67
What is the CDJ
the cementodental junction (where the cementum and dentin contact each other)
68
define the anatomical crown
The part of the tooth covered by enamel extending to the CEJ
69
Define the clinical crown
The portion of the tooth that is visible
70
What can change the dimensions of the anatomical crown
only wear or trauma
71
What can change the dimensions of the clinical crown
The position of the periodontal tissues, which can be affected by age or disease.
72
What is the apex
the very end of the tooth, the furthest point down into the bone
73
What is the apical foramen
the hole at the apex of the tooth where the blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth
74
what is a supplemental canal
a canal off of the pulp or root canal that has branched off of the main pulp canal.
75
What is the alveolar bone
the bone that holds the teeth in place
76
What are the portions of the pulp canal
1. Pulp canal (the long skinny portion)
2. Pulp horns (the horn like projections toward the occlusial surface of the tooth)
3. Pulp chamber (the large chamber like opening)
77
What does the facial surface refer to?
the surface of the tooth facing toward the cheek or lips
78
What are the two different distinctions of the facial surface.
Buccal and Labial (the surface facing toward the cheek or lips)
79
When do we use buccal vs labial to describe the surface of a tooth facing the lips or cheek
Buccal is used for the posterior teeth
| Labial is used for the anterior teeth
80
Which teeth are the anterior teeth
the incisors and the canines
81
which teeth are the posterior teeth
the premolars and molars
82
What does the lingual surface refer to
the surface of the tooth facing toward the tongue (inside)
83
What is another term for the lingual surface
palatal surface
84
What does the term occlusial surface refer to
the biting surface of the POSTERIOR teeth
85
What does the term incisal/ridge refer to
the biting surface of the ANTERIOR teeth
86
What are the proximal surfaces of a tooth
the surfaces of a tooth that are usually next to an adjacent tooth
87
What is the term for the proximal surface of a tooth facing toward the midline of the dental arch
Mesial
88
What is the term for the proximal surface of a tooth facing away from the midline of the dental arch
distal
89
Is there a location in the mouth where two mesial surfaces are approximate to one another.
yes, between the two central incisors
90
is there a location in the mouth where two distal surfaces are approximate to one another
nope
91
How do you indicate a tooth with decay on the occlusal and mesial surfaces
MO (in that order)
92
How do you indicate a tooth with decay on the occlusal and distal surfaces
DO (in that order)
93
How do you indicate a tooth with decay on the occlusal, meesial, and distal surfaces
MOD (in that order)
94
How do you indicate a tooth with decay on the distal and lingual surfaces
DL (in that order)
95
How do you indicate a tooth with decay on the mesial and lingual surfaces
ML (in that order)
96
What is the rule for the order in which we state surfaces of a tooth that have decay
1. the interproximal surface is stated first
2. the occlusial surface is stated second
3. The facial (labial) or lingual is stated last
97
If tooth number 8 had decay on the surfaces of the tooth facing the midline, facing the tongue, and facing the lips. How would we identify it?
MFL
Mesial
Facial (not L for labial because L is used for lingual)
Lingual
98
How do you indicate a tooth with decay on the occlusal and buccal/Lingual surfaces
OB/OL
99
How do you indicate a tooth with decay on the mesial, distal, occlusal, and buccal/lingual surfaces
MODL/MODB
100
How do you indicate a tooth with decay on the incisal, facial, lingual, and mesial
MFLI (incisal is usually notated last)
101
What is a line angle
a Junction line where TWO tooth surfaces meet
102
What is a point angle
a junction point where THREE tooth surfaces meet
103
What are the 8 line angles of a tooth
1. Mesiolingual line angle
2. Mesiolabial/mesiobuccal line angle
3. Distolingual line angle
4. distolabial/distobuccal line angle
5. Mesio-occlusal (mesio-incisal) line angle
6. Disto-occlusal (disto-incisal) line angle
7. Bucco-occlusal/labio-occlusal (incisal) line angle
8. Linguo-occlual (linguo-incisal) line angle
104
What are the 4 point angles of an anterior tooth
1. Mesiolabiaoincisal point angle
2. Mesiolinguoincisal point angle
3. Distolinguoincisal point angle
4. Distolabioincisal point angle
105
What are the 4 point angles of a posterior tooth
1. Mesiobucco-occlusal point angle
2. mesiolinguo-occlusal point angle
3. Distobucco-occlusal point angle
4. Distolinguo-occlusal point angle
106
What are the divisions of the root of a tooth named starting at the CEJ and moving to the apex
1. Cervical (next to CEJ)
2. Middle
3. Apical (next to apex)
107
What are the divisions of the crown of a tooth named from the facial veiw starting at the mesial side of the tooth and moving toward the distal
1. Mesial
2. Middle
3. Distal
108
What are the divisions of the crown of an anterior tooth named, from the facial view, starting at the CEJ and moving towards the biting surface of the tooth.
1. Cervical (near CEJ)
2. Middle
3. Incisal
109
What are the divisions of the crown of an posterior tooth named, from the facial view, starting at the CEJ and moving towards the biting surface of the tooth.
1. Cervical (near CEJ)
2. Middle
3. occlusal
110
What are the divisions of the crown 0f an anterior tooth named, from the proximal view, starting at the side nearest the tongue and moving toward the lips
1. Lingual
2. Middle
3. Labial
111
What are the divisions of the crown of an posterior tooth named, from the proximal view, starting at the side nearest the tongue, and moving towards the cheek
1. Lingual
2. Middle
3. Labial
112
What are the divisions of the occlusal surface of a tooth from the mesial side then working toward the distal side
1. Mesial 3rd
2. Middle 3rd
3. Distal 3rd
113
What are the division of the occlusal surface of a tooth from the side facing the lips then working to the side facing the tongue
1. facial 3rd
2. middle 3rd
3. lingual 3rd
114
What is a cusp
An elevation or mound on the crown portion of a tooth, making up a divisional part of the occlusal surface
115
How are cusps named
1. first start with the name of the proximal surface of the tooth nearest the cusp
2. then use the lingual/buccal/labial surface of the tooth
3. end with cusp
Example: Mesiobuccal cusp
116
What is a ridge
a linear elevation on the surface of the tooth
117
how are ridges named
according to their location
| Example: buccal ridge, marginal ridge
118
What are marginal ridges
Round borders of enamel
119
Where are the marginal ridges of anterior teeth
on the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface
120
Where are the marginal ridges of posterior teeth found
on the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface
121
What are triangular ridges
linear elevations that descend from the cusp tips of molars and premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surface
122
What are cusp ridges
Cusp slopes or arms, from the facial or lingual view they are the inclined surfaces or slopes that converge toward the cusp tip to make an angle.
(if you were to use both of your hands to make a peak or cusp, each hand would represent a cusp ridge)
123
How are cusp ridges named
1. Use either mesial or distal depending on which way the cusp ridge slopes down from the cusp tip
2. Then say "cusp ridge of the _____ cusp" (insert the cusp name that the ridge comes off of)
Example, Mesial cusp ridge of the mesiobuccal cusp
124
What is a transverse ridge
When buccal and lingual triangular ridges join traversely accross the occlusal surface
125
What is an oblique ridge
a ridge formed by the union of a triangular ridge and a cusp ridge
126
Where are oblique ridges found
only on Maxillary molars
127
What two specific ridges combine to form an oblique ridge
1. the triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp
| 2. the distal cusp ridge of the mesiolingual cusp
128
What is a tubercle
a smaller elevation on some portion of the crown produced by an extra formation of enamel
129
What is carabelli's cusp
a tubercle quite commonly found on maxillary first molars
130
What is the cingulum
the lingual lobe of an anterior tooth, it makes up the bulk of the cervical third of the lingual surface
131
What is a sulcus
a broad V shaped depression running mesiodistally on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.
132
Is the sulcus an actual anatomical feature
no, it is an empty space
133
What forms the borders of the sulcus
on the buccal and lingual sides the borders are made by the triangular ridges that converge towards the developmental groove
134
What are fossa
irregular depressions or concavities
135
What arelingual fossae
the concavity on the lingual surface of anterior teeth
136
What are central fossae
the concavity on the occlusal surface of molars
137
what are triangular fossae
the concavity on the occlusal surface of molars and premolars that are mesial to the distal marginal ridges, or distal to the mesial marginal ridges
138
What are pits
small pinpoint depressions located at the junction of developmental grooves or at terminals of those grooves.
139
What is a developmental groove
a shallow groove or linear depression between the primary parts of the crown or root
140
What is a supplemental groove
less distinct grooves and shallow grooves on the surface of the tooth (they come off of developmental grooves)
141
What are buccal and ligual grooves
developmental grooves found on the buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth
142
are buccal and ligual grooves supplemental or developmental grooves
developmental
143
What is fusion of teeth
two teeth fusing together, leads to less tooth units
144
what is gemination of teeth
one two dividing to form two teeth, more tooth units
145
what is concresence of teeth
when the cementum of two teeth fuse
146
What is dilaceration of teeth
when the roots are angled or twisted
147
What is dens invaginus
dens in dente (one tooth inside of another)
148
what is dens evaginus
when there appears to be an extra cusp on a tooth. it looks like one tooth growing out of another (it has a high pulp horn in it though so be careful
149
what are accessional teeth
teeth that aren't replaced and don't replace others (adult molars)
150
how many line angles do anterior teeth have
6
151
how many line angles do posterior teeth have
8
