Dentistry Topic 6/7

Question 1

The periodontum is composed of?

Answer 1

Gingiva, alveolar bone,cementum and the periodontal ligament.

Question 2

The ____ is found around the tooth. What is it’s normal depth? Dog and cat.

Answer 2

Free gingiva. 1-3mm dog, .5-1mm cats.

Question 3

What is the name of the tissue area at the bottom of the sulcus where the cells are actually attached to the enamel? Where does this tissue end?

Answer 3

The junctional epithelium.

At the cemento-enamel junction.

Question 4

Cornonal to the cemento-enamel juntion is the? Below?

Answer 4

Free gingiva. Attached.

Question 5

What is the attached gingiva actually attached to?

Answer 5

The alveolar bone.

Question 6

What is the tissue proximal to the attached gingiva called? ( Just above or below )

Answer 6

The alveolar mucosa.

Question 7

The attached gingiva is differentiated from the alveolar mucosa at the ___?

Answer 7

Mucogingival junction.

Question 8

The ____ is the bony-like tissue that covers the tooth root.

Answer 8

The cementum.

Question 9

The cementum is less or more calcified than dentin and enamel?

Answer 9

Less.

Question 10

Is cementum less or more dense than bone?

Answer 10

More

Question 11

The ___ is composed of collagen fibers and anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone.

Answer 11

Periodontal ligament.

Question 12

What type of fibers is the PL made of?

Answer 12

Collagen.

Question 13

The ___ constitutes the ridges of the jaw bones.

Answer 13

Alveolar bone.

Question 14

What contains the roots of the teeth?

Answer 14

Alveolar sockets.

Question 15

The alveolar bone has 3 layers of bone as well as the cribiform plate. Radiographically it looks ___ and is called the__?

Answer 15

White, lamina dura.

Question 16

Approx how many species of bacteria exist in dental plaque?

Answer 16

300

Question 17

The subgingival flora associated with periodontitis is predominanty _____ ?

Answer 17

Gram Negative, anaerobic.

Question 18

Define periodontal disease.

Answer 18

A disease that affects one or more of the periodontal tissues eventually leading to tooth loss.

Question 19

Define Periodontal tissue.

Answer 19

Includes, gingiva, connective tissue, alveolar bone, PL and cementum.

Question 20

What is a biofilm?

Answer 20

A layer of bacteria and connective molecules found on moist surfaces. A slime layer.

Question 21

What is plaque?

Answer 21

A soft biofilm of bacteria, easy to remove with tooth brushing.

Question 22

What is Tartar/Calculus?

Answer 22

Calcified plaque formed with bacteria, salvia and food debris. Hard to remove.

Question 23

What is gingivitis? What are the 2 key signs?

Answer 23

Inflammation of the gingiva. Redness and bleeding gums.

Question 24

What is periodontitis?

Answer 24

Active form of periodontal disease. Bacterial infection and inflammation of peeriodontal tissues leading to attachment loss.

Question 25

What is the main cause of periodontal disease?

Answer 25

Plaque.

Question 26

Describe the pathogenesis of plaque to periodontal disease.

Answer 26

Saliva evaporates-glycoprotein layer left behind-biofilm traps aerobic bacteria-then facultative rods-lack of 02 in depths allows growth of anerobic organisms-spirochetes multiply-gingivitis-Plaque+caphosphate+cacarbonate=ttartar

Question 27

What is the first stage of periodontal disease?

Answer 27

Gingivitis.

Question 28

Chronic inflammation of the gingiva can lead to what?

Answer 28

Gingival hyperplasia.

Question 29

What do we need to look out for when we have gingival enlargment? Something misleading.

Answer 29

Psudeopockets.

Question 30

What happens if we do not remove plaque to treat gingivitis?

Answer 30

It extends subgingivally, gets more inflamed, more plaque accumulates, more tissue gets destroyed.

Question 31

Subgingivally there is less oxygen so the main flora are?

Answer 31

Facultative anaerobes, gram neg rods and spirochetes.

Question 32

____ is mineralized plaque, in itself it is not irritant.

Answer 32

Calculus.

Question 33

Calculus is non-irritant but it serves as an ideal surface for ___?

Answer 33

Plaque!

Question 34

What are some factors that decrease resistance to infection?

Answer 34

Metabolic disease, nutritional deficencies, immunodeficency

Question 35

In what disease is gingivits a hallmark?

Answer 35

FIV

Question 36

Periodontal disease severity relates to ___ ?

Answer 36

Each tooth. Can have different stages across mouth,.

Question 37

What are the radiographic changes in stage 1 periodontal disease?

Answer 37

None.

Question 38

Stage 2, 3 and 4 periodontal disease is characterized by?

Answer 38

Bone loss , furcation involvement and tooth loss.

Question 39

What are the characteristics of stage 2?

Answer 39

``` Early attachment loss. Less than 25% attachment loss. Minor alveolar crest bone loss Minimal pockets and gingival recession. No mobility. ```

Question 40

What are the radiographic changes of stage 2?

Answer 40

Blunting and rounding of the alveolar margin.

Question 41

What are the characteristics of Stage 3 periodontitis?

Answer 41

Marked attachment loss of 25-50%. Moderate-deep pockets. Some tooth mobility.

Question 42

What are the radiographic changes of stage 3?

Answer 42

Marked bone loss where cemento enamel junction should be. | PL is diminished.

Question 43

What are the characteristics of stage 4 periodontitis?

Answer 43

``` Severe attachment loss of more than 50% Deep pockets or signifigant gingival recession. Over 50% loss of bone support. Advanced tooth mobility. Gingival bleeding Purulent discharge. Furcation exposure. ```

Question 44

What are the radiographic changes with stage 4?

Answer 44

Marked bone loss. +/- fracture Periapical lucency ( abscess) Periapical granuloma

Question 45

What is a tooth abscess really called?

Answer 45

A periapical granuloma.

Question 46

What are the 5 predisposing factors of placque accumulation?

Answer 46

``` Calculus Malocclusion ( crowding ) Retained deciduous teeth Food and Hair impaction Foreign body Soft sticky foods ```

Question 47

How do we manage periodontal disease?

Answer 47

Professional therapy ( cleaning and treatment ) Plaque control ( homecare ) Educate owners Do follow up calls and checkups

Question 48

How to treat gingivitis?

Answer 48

Professional cleaning, and teeth brushing.

Question 49

Periodontitis is most often___?

Answer 49

Preventable

Question 50

Root planing is the removal of __?

Answer 50

Subgingival plaque and calculus.

Question 51

Why do clients come to us about the mouth?

Answer 51

Halitosis.

Question 52

What are the most common local consequences of periodontal disease?

Answer 52

Tooth loss Absecess Oronasal fistula Mandible fractures.

Question 53

What 2 types of abscess can we have in the mouth?

Answer 53

Lateral or periapical.

Question 54

A lateral abscess will fistulate where?

Answer 54

Oral mucosa.

Question 55

Where do we see swelling when we have a periapical abscess?

Answer 55

Under the eye. Oronasal.

Question 56

What do we see radiographically with a periapical abscess?

Answer 56

Dark halo around the apex.

Question 57

What things can a periapical abscess cause?

Answer 57

Osteomyelitis, cellulitis, bacteremia.