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Densitry > Dentistry Topic 6/7 > Flashcards

Dentistry Topic 6/7 Flashcards

1
Q

The periodontum is composed of?

A

Gingiva, alveolar bone,cementum and the periodontal ligament.

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2
Q

The ____ is found around the tooth. What is it’s normal depth? Dog and cat.

A

Free gingiva. 1-3mm dog, .5-1mm cats.

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3
Q

What is the name of the tissue area at the bottom of the sulcus where the cells are actually attached to the enamel? Where does this tissue end?

A

The junctional epithelium.

At the cemento-enamel junction.

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4
Q

Cornonal to the cemento-enamel juntion is the? Below?

A

Free gingiva. Attached.

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5
Q

What is the attached gingiva actually attached to?

A

The alveolar bone.

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6
Q

What is the tissue proximal to the attached gingiva called? ( Just above or below )

A

The alveolar mucosa.

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7
Q

The attached gingiva is differentiated from the alveolar mucosa at the ___?

A

Mucogingival junction.

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8
Q

The ____ is the bony-like tissue that covers the tooth root.

A

The cementum.

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9
Q

The cementum is less or more calcified than dentin and enamel?

A

Less.

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10
Q

Is cementum less or more dense than bone?

A

More

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11
Q

The ___ is composed of collagen fibers and anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone.

A

Periodontal ligament.

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12
Q

What type of fibers is the PL made of?

A

Collagen.

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13
Q

The ___ constitutes the ridges of the jaw bones.

A

Alveolar bone.

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14
Q

What contains the roots of the teeth?

A

Alveolar sockets.

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15
Q

The alveolar bone has 3 layers of bone as well as the cribiform plate. Radiographically it looks ___ and is called the__?

A

White, lamina dura.

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16
Q

Approx how many species of bacteria exist in dental plaque?

A

300

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17
Q

The subgingival flora associated with periodontitis is predominanty _____ ?

A

Gram Negative, anaerobic.

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18
Q

Define periodontal disease.

A

A disease that affects one or more of the periodontal tissues eventually leading to tooth loss.

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19
Q

Define Periodontal tissue.

A

Includes, gingiva, connective tissue, alveolar bone, PL and cementum.

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20
Q

What is a biofilm?

A

A layer of bacteria and connective molecules found on moist surfaces. A slime layer.

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21
Q

What is plaque?

A

A soft biofilm of bacteria, easy to remove with tooth brushing.

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22
Q

What is Tartar/Calculus?

A

Calcified plaque formed with bacteria, salvia and food debris. Hard to remove.

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23
Q

What is gingivitis? What are the 2 key signs?

A

Inflammation of the gingiva. Redness and bleeding gums.

24
Q

What is periodontitis?

A

Active form of periodontal disease. Bacterial infection and inflammation of peeriodontal tissues leading to attachment loss.

25
Q

What is the main cause of periodontal disease?

A

Plaque.

26
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of plaque to periodontal disease.

A

Saliva evaporates-glycoprotein layer left behind-biofilm traps aerobic bacteria-then facultative rods-lack of 02 in depths allows growth of anerobic organisms-spirochetes multiply-gingivitis-Plaque+caphosphate+cacarbonate=ttartar

27
Q

What is the first stage of periodontal disease?

A

Gingivitis.

28
Q

Chronic inflammation of the gingiva can lead to what?

A

Gingival hyperplasia.

29
Q

What do we need to look out for when we have gingival enlargment? Something misleading.

A

Psudeopockets.

30
Q

What happens if we do not remove plaque to treat gingivitis?

A

It extends subgingivally, gets more inflamed, more plaque accumulates, more tissue gets destroyed.

31
Q

Subgingivally there is less oxygen so the main flora are?

A

Facultative anaerobes, gram neg rods and spirochetes.

32
Q

____ is mineralized plaque, in itself it is not irritant.

A

Calculus.

33
Q

Calculus is non-irritant but it serves as an ideal surface for ___?

A

Plaque!

34
Q

What are some factors that decrease resistance to infection?

A

Metabolic disease, nutritional deficencies, immunodeficency

35
Q

In what disease is gingivits a hallmark?

A

FIV

36
Q

Periodontal disease severity relates to ___ ?

A

Each tooth. Can have different stages across mouth,.

37
Q

What are the radiographic changes in stage 1 periodontal disease?

A

None.

38
Q

Stage 2, 3 and 4 periodontal disease is characterized by?

A

Bone loss , furcation involvement and tooth loss.

39
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 2?

A 
Early attachment loss.
Less than 25% attachment loss.
Minor alveolar crest bone loss
Minimal pockets and gingival recession.
No mobility.
40
Q

What are the radiographic changes of stage 2?

A

Blunting and rounding of the alveolar margin.

41
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 3 periodontitis?

A

Marked attachment loss of 25-50%.
Moderate-deep pockets.
Some tooth mobility.

42
Q

What are the radiographic changes of stage 3?

A

Marked bone loss where cemento enamel junction should be.

PL is diminished.

43
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 4 periodontitis?

A 
Severe attachment loss of more than 50%
Deep pockets or signifigant gingival recession.
Over 50% loss of bone support.
Advanced tooth mobility.
Gingival bleeding
Purulent discharge.
Furcation exposure.
44
Q

What are the radiographic changes with stage 4?

A

Marked bone loss.
+/- fracture
Periapical lucency ( abscess) Periapical granuloma

45
Q

What is a tooth abscess really called?

A

A periapical granuloma.

46
Q

What are the 5 predisposing factors of placque accumulation?

A 
Calculus
Malocclusion ( crowding )
Retained deciduous teeth
Food and Hair impaction
Foreign body
Soft sticky foods
47
Q

How do we manage periodontal disease?

A

Professional therapy ( cleaning and treatment )
Plaque control ( homecare )
Educate owners
Do follow up calls and checkups

48
Q

How to treat gingivitis?

A

Professional cleaning, and teeth brushing.

49
Q

Periodontitis is most often___?

A

Preventable

50
Q

Root planing is the removal of __?

A

Subgingival plaque and calculus.

51
Q

Why do clients come to us about the mouth?

A

Halitosis.

52
Q

What are the most common local consequences of periodontal disease?

A

Tooth loss
Absecess
Oronasal fistula
Mandible fractures.

53
Q

What 2 types of abscess can we have in the mouth?

A

Lateral or periapical.

54
Q

A lateral abscess will fistulate where?

A

Oral mucosa.

55
Q

Where do we see swelling when we have a periapical abscess?

A

Under the eye. Oronasal.

56
Q

What do we see radiographically with a periapical abscess?

A

Dark halo around the apex.

57
Q

What things can a periapical abscess cause?

A

Osteomyelitis, cellulitis, bacteremia.

Densitry (5 decks)

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