Dependence (class)

Question 1

neural connections that optimize survival through learning

Answer 1

reward circuitry

Question 2

what type of reward circuitry is this? disequilibrium causes disinhibition of the cognitive /motor system

Answer 2

physiological/ motivation

Question 3

what type of reward circuitry is this? physiological activation; seeking behaviours

Answer 3

behavioural/ motivation

Question 4

what type of reward circuitry is this? discomfort

Answer 4

psychological/ motivation

Question 5

what type of reward circuitry is this? restoration of homeostasis and reducing cognitive load

Answer 5

physio/reinforcement

Question 6

what type of reward circuitry is this? repeat/ enact new actions to achieve reward

Answer 6

behavioural/ guidance

Question 7

what type of reward circuitry is this? sensory mediation to discern similarity of old/new problems

Answer 7

physiological / guidance

Question 8

what type of reward circuitry is this? associative learning: alleviation of discomfort results in “ incentive”

Answer 8

behavioural / reinforcement

Question 9

what type of reward circuitry is this? Calm

Answer 9

psychological/ reinforcement

Question 10

what type of reward circuitry is this? memory

Answer 10

psychological / guidance

Question 11

what 2 types of reward circuitry involves bottom up processes: activation/ inhibition of sensory motor systems

Answer 11

motivation and reinforcement

Question 12

what types of reward circuitry involves top- down process: backward- propagated conditioning

Answer 12

guidance

Question 13

3 types of dopaminergic reward circuitry

Answer 13

1. motivation
2. guidance
3. reinforcement

Question 14

dopamine relates? to ?

Answer 14

problem to solution

Question 15

what type of reward circuitry ?

depletion of resources causes disinhibition of motor regions

Answer 15

motivation

Question 16

what is the evolutionary perspective of motivation?

Answer 16

facilitates the “doing something about it” response

Question 17

what is the cognitive neuroscience perspective on motivation?

Answer 17

Hebbian synapse - induces learning by priming neural firing (hits “record” in the memory system)

Question 18

what type of reward circuitry?
Surges to correct responses, resulting in organization of responses (conditioning)
- after repetition, response is propagated

Answer 18

guidance

Question 19

what type of reward circuitry?

Primary dopamine response to obtaining reward

Answer 19

reinforcement

Question 20

in the reinforcement reward circuitry the primary dopamine response is to? whereas the secondary DA response is to?

Answer 20

• obtaining the reward

- restored homeostasis (discomfort removed)

Question 21

eating something that taste good and makes you not feel hungry is an example of?

Answer 21

secondary and primary dopamine response of reinforcement reward circuitry

Question 22

what is the debate of reinforcement reward circuitry

Answer 22

is the secondary response to facilitate task completion, or is the physiological completion required to avoid DA decrease

Question 23

pleasure is ? whereas homeostasis is?

Answer 23

• liking, wanting

Question 24

Evolutionary predisposition to items that facilitate survival and why?

Answer 24

liking

- feels good so you do it more

Question 25

what system is not run by dopamine system?

Answer 25

liking

Question 26

mu opioids and endocannabinoids

Answer 26

liking

Question 27

what system cannot be conditioned

Answer 27

liking

Question 28

this system can be used as a reinforcement

Answer 28

liking

Question 29

associative learning towards specific items and what are you associating?

Answer 29

wanting | - associating a certain chemical with feeling good

Question 30

what system do you need to have the tried the substance before?

Answer 30

wanting

Question 31

what system is dopamine mediated

Answer 31

wanting

Question 32

what is a main difference between liking and wanting

Answer 32

wanting results in satiation

Question 33

liking becomes wanting but wanting?

Answer 33

does not become liking!

Question 34

a craving (desire related to reward) is

Answer 34

liking

Question 35

desire related to homeostasis - vicious circle starts with withdrawal

Answer 35

wanting | - incentive salience

Question 36

Ambiguous relationship b/wn reward predictor & outcome

Answer 36

delayed gratification/ anticipation

Question 37

abstinence and relapse, binging is related to?

Answer 37

delayed gratification

Question 38

the debate of delayed gratification

Answer 38

is craving a function of a dopaminergic response? If so, which one? (motivation, guidance, reinforcement)

Question 39

what is hedonic homeostasis dysregulation

Answer 39

your self pleasure system going out of wack

Question 40

An model that attempts to integrate the physiological and subjective experience

Answer 40

hedonic homeostasis dysregulation

Question 41

what is allostasis

Answer 41

all aspects of an organism’s physiology needs to adapt to severe environmental demands

Question 42

Increase in distress (withdrawal) helps to make pleasure more rewarding by comparison (this is a comparison of what to theorys?)

Answer 42

opponent process theory vs incentive salience

Question 43

the within system is the sudden?

Answer 43

onset of reward

Question 44

in the within system if the reward last too long or happens to suddenly, it results in a?

Answer 44

down- regulation of receptors | brain immediately starts tolerance mechanisms

Question 45

what system increases amount of drug required to gain desired effect

Answer 45

within system

Question 46

Chronic fluctuation, i.e. occurs too often resulting in an enhancement of stress-response

Answer 46

between system

Question 47

in the between system drugs feel better because ?

Answer 47

things feel worse

Question 48

in the between system ? is heightened

Answer 48

preoccupation (propagation) | - the system keeps down regulating so the drug doesnt feel as good and the hang over gets worse

Question 49

when demands are too high, the system collapses resulting in

Answer 49

illness

Question 50

what is the beginning of the addiction cycle

Answer 50

wanting