Depressive disorders Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the symptoms of Major depressive disorder?
(At least 4)
Significant weight change
Sleep disturbances
Fatigue
Motor restlessness or slowed movements
Poor concentration, abilities to think an indecisiveness
Feelings of worthlessness or innappropriate guilt
Suicide ideations
What is anhedonia?
Loss of interest in activities
What is a specifier?
An extension to a diagnoses of depression.
e.g. psychotic features Melancholic features Catatonic features Peripartum features Seasonal pattern Anxious distress
What is dysthymia disorder?
Also called persistent depressive disorder
- less severe, more chronic
2 years without notable difference
What is disruptive mood dysregulation?
Additional symptom observed in children with depression -
- irritability, emotional dysregulation, problems with anger
How many people affected by mood disorder during lifetime?
1 in 10
What are three physical diseases linked with depression?
Diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disorder?
Possible biological factors that impact depression?
Upbringing Genetics (5-HTTLP gene) Neurotransmitters Neuroendocrine (hormones) Structural abnormalities Inherited traits
Explain the learned helplessness model of depression
Learnt to perceive that adverse events are uncontrollable
- eventually give up
What is the Depressive attributional style theory of depression?
When the interpretation of negative events are more likely to a combination of
Internal factors (own) Global factors (universal) Stable factors (Unchanging) f
What are the 3 elements of Becks negative cognitive triad.
Negative distortions of the;
Self
World and
future
What is arbitrary inference?
When one draws a negative conclusion in absence of supporting information
What is magnification and minimisation?
emphasis on failures and minimisation of successes
What is personalisation?
Relating a unrelated negative event to oneself
What is overgeneralisation?
Drawing broad negative conclusions based on a single event
What is the dominant behavioural theory of depression?
Jacoson, Martell & dimidjian, 2001; Lewison & Hotlib, 1995.
Life stressors and events can reduce opportunity to experience positive reinforcements. Which increase risk for depression.
- loss of motivation
- social withdrawal
- Avoidance
Social factors associated with depression?
upbringing - overprotective, self-sacrificing, highly critical and hostile parenting
lack of intimacy
Disturbance in social function - >triggers depressive symptoms
->Deteriorates social functioning
What are NATs?
negative automatic thoughts
What are the stages of Beck’s cognitive model of depression?
early experiences -> Dysunctional beliefs -> Critical incident -> Activated schema -> Negative cognitive triad -> Depressive symptoms
What are some therapies that can be used with those with depression?
Pleasant event scheduling enforce achievement - graded task assignment enhance positive expriences Interpersonal therapy Mindfulness Antidepressants ECT
Interpersonal theory of suicide
Desire of suicide is due to
- Lack of belongingness and;
(perceives self as a burden, self hatred) - Capability for suicide
(lost fear for suicide, exposes self to fearful and challenging event [practice], accidental and deliberate injury)
How to help people at risk of suicide?
Safety plans -
Suicide contract - make a promise to stay safe
Hospitalisation [immediate risk]
family involvement
