derm Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
what are adnexal structures
A
eccrine and folliculosebaceous units
2
Q
what is used to identify the two important skin layers and what are the layers
A
light microscope and epidermis and dermis
3
Q
where do exocrine sweat glands OPEN
A
epidermis
4
Q
dermis layer is known as the ___ tissue
A
connective
5
Q
name the four layers of the epidermis in order
A
cornified layer, granular layer, spinous layer, basal layer
6
Q
which layer has ample cytoplasm and prominent desmosomes
A
spinous layer
7
Q
which layer has cuboidal germinative keratinocytes
A
basal layer
8
Q
which layer results from accumulation of keratin complexes and other structural proteins
A
granular layer
9
Q
what are the dendritic cells found in epidermis
A
melanocytes and langerhans cells
10
Q
what cells are helpful against UV ray light
A
melanocytes
11
Q
what cells are for immunity or bone marrow derived antigen presenting cells
A
langerhan cells
12
Q
which layer of the skin serves as the integrity of the skin or the scaffolding that supports the complex neurovascular networks composed of collagen types 1 and 3
A
dermis layer
13
Q
what are the 3 types of skin diseases
A
inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic
14
Q
area of increased or decreased pigmenatation NO elevation or depression; LESS than 1 cm
A
macule
15
Q
a macule type lesion that is bigger
A
patch
16
Q
what type of skin disease is acne; LESS than 0.5 cm
A
papule
17
Q
skin disease formed by a confluence of papules
A
plaque
18
Q
what is lichentification
A
surface is rough and thick; a plaque
19
Q
define pruritic
A
itchy
20
Q
what skin disease is associated with pruritic disorders
A
plaque; chronic eczema and atopic dermatitis
21
Q
small fluid filled lesion LESS than 1 cm
A
vesicles
22
Q
circumcised collection of free fluid, bigger than vesicle called
A
bulla
23
Q
a vesicle or bulla that contains purulent fluid (exudate) is called
A
pustule
24
Q
both bulla and vesicle are considered_____
A
blisters
25
when the epidermis separates from the dermis, a pool of lymph and other body fluids collect between 2 layers while the skin regrows underneath is known as
blister
26
solid, circular lesions GREATER than 1 cm is called
nodules
27
another name for urticarial exanthem
wheal
28
a dermatographism "writing on the skin" or common hive rxn makes a __
wheal
29
what is dariers sign and where is it seen
gentle rubbing or stroking of the lesions followed by local itching, erythema and wheal formain in 2-5 min
--
seen in wheals
30
what does NOT have epidermal involvelemnt
wheal
31
an encapsulated lesion filled with fluid or semisolid material, is palpable
cyst
32
a collection of pus
abscess
33
dried serum or exudate on the skin
crusts
34
in cursts what color does blood appear? serum? pus?
brown, yellow, green
35
what is impetigo and where is it seen?
honey crusted lesion; crusts
36
abnormal areas of increased rate of epidermal cell proliferation seen on stratum corneum
scales
37
what is the difference between erosion and ulcer
erosion skin defect w loss of epidermis ONLY and heals without scarring
---
ulcer- loss of skin extending to epi and dermis; SCAR
38
small enlarged blood vessels near the surface of the skin seen often in alcoholics
telangiectasias
39
petechiae vs purpura vs ecchymosis
small(broken capillary, bigger (bleeding under skin), bruising
40
what does not blanch under pressure mean and where is it seen
it wont change colors when you push on it; petechiae vs purpura vs ecchymosis
41
what could be present after blisters rupture
crusts
42
solid lesion with elevation and depth plus or minus in pigmentation
tumor
43
hookworm type of skin is called
serpiginous lesion
44
sharply marginated and erythematous and surmounted by silvery scales is known as
---
have plaques
psoriasiform dermatitis
45
what dermatitis are rete ridges found in
psoriasis
46
how is psorisis caused
most likely due to infection and injury; could be genetics
47
what does squirting dermal papillae mean and where is it seen
in psoriasis; migration of neutrophils from the dermal papillae into the overlying epidermis
48
what is parakeratotic hyperkeratosis
extra keratin forming in psoriasis
49
where can psoriasis occur
nail beds and matrix; extremities
50
only extracutaneous manifestation of psoriasis involving the joints is known as ___
psoriatic arthritis
51
inflammatory skin disease in which the junction between the papillary dermis and epidermis is obscured
interface dermatitis
52
lichen planus vs erythema multiforme
lichen: chronic interface derm
ery: acute interface derm
53
interface dermatitis is characterized by ___ and ____ infiltrates in basal layer
vacuoles and lymphocyte
54
where are pruritic polygonal purple papules seen in
lichen planus in interface dermatitis
55
what is wickhams striae
minute whitish streaks found on lesion surfaces on lichen planus
56
which condition will invade mucous membranes
interface: lichen planus AND eythema mult.
57
where do arcal surfaces occur and where are they seen?
distal portions of limbs --> erythema multiforme
58
what do erythema multiforme lesions look like
target like --- due to center becoming dusky or necrotic
--
zones of inflammatory rxn and damage
59
lichen planus lesions are composed of CD8 while erythema multifrome are composed of ____
cd4 AND cd8
60
meds trigger both lichen and erythema mult. but whats another infection for erythema
HSV
61
EM minor vs EM major
minor- limited mucosal involvement
| major- prominent involvement of 2/3 mucosal sites
62
what are the mucosal sites involved in EM major?
oral, anogenital, conjuctival
63
steven johnson syndrome
profound mucosal involvee=ment plus or minus cutaneous lesions
--
EM
64
toxic epidermal necroslysis
large areas of skin and mucosa become necrotic with secondary vesiculation
65
what is bullous pemphigoiid
blistering disease in which tense fluid filled spaces develop within erythematous, inflamed skin
66
pemphigoid vs pemphigus
skin dz characterized by INTRAepidermal rather than SUBepidermal
--
better prognosis with GOID (goid)
67
pre-eruptive or urticarial bullous pemphigoid
itchy, erythematous plaques with no blistering for a period of time
---
vesiculbullous
68
what kind of pattern is seen in vasculitits
palpable purpura
69
vasculitis is an inflammatory disorder affecting what
small blood vessels
70
how does leukocytoclastic vasculitis form
numerous erythrocytes (neutrophils) accumulate in dermis of fully developed lesions
--
making it erythematous and purpuric in quality
71
what lesion is most common in vasculitis
purpuric *
| but can also be vesicopustules, necrotic papules and ulcers
72
spongiotic dermatitis are usually
papules, vesicles and bullae
73
allergic contact dermatitis is an example of
spongiotic dermatitis
74
waht does the ter spongiosis refer to
the edema of the epidermis which separates keratinocytes from one another
75
a delayed type four hypersensistivity rxn is seen ins what dermatitis
spongiotic in allergic contact derm
76
first exposure in type 4 hypersensitivity rxn may not yield a rxn but the pt is now ____
sensitized
77
explain the two phaes of delayed type IV hypersensitivity rxn
introduction phase:
Allergen binds to endogenous protein creating foreign protein, langerhan cells engulf complex and tcell recpots bind w/o rxn --> pt sensitized
elicitation phase:
antigen appears again, langerhan cells process and t cell recognize that antigen from before so inflammatory cytokines create and amiplication loop leading to dermatitis rxn
78
WHAT IS the most common form of panniculitits
erythema nodosum
79
what pattern is more seen in women and can be caused by strep pharyngitis or hormones (OCs w estrogen, or IBS
panniculitis
80
a pattern due to a form of autoimmune disease where immunoglobins and complement are in the junction of bullous pemphigoing is known as
vesiculobullous dermatitis
81
what pattern involves inflammation of the fat under the skin
panniculitis
82
what does the septal and lobular have to do with panniculitis
inflammation occurs in septal divisions and fat necrosis can spread to the sc lobules
83
foamy lipid laden macrophages or small stellate clefts within the macrophages can eb found in
the lobules in panniculitis
84
____ can be a sign of sarcoidoisis
panniculitis
85
cutaneous sarcoidosis is an example of
nodular dermatitis
86
what pattern is a life threatening lung disease
nodular dermatitis aka cuteaneous sarcoidosis
87
TB can cause what pattern
nodular dermatitis or cutaneous sarcoidosis
88
cd8 vs cd4
cd4 helper cells direct the immune response and cd8 suppressor cells limit the extent of response
89
lofgrens sydnrom and lupus pernio can be indicative of
nodular pattern in cutaneous sarcoidosis
90
acne is seen in what pattern
folliculitits
91
where is cutibacterium found
in acne in folliculitits
92
how does follicular plugging occur
keratinocytes become sticky and fail to slough
93
what is a food source for C acne
sebum leading to bacterial overgrowth
94
follicular ruptre and intense 2 degree rxn may creat ____
scarring
95
how does folliculitis occur in neonates
inc in sebum production from enlarged sebaceous glands
96
what syndrome can be present in follicultits
stein leventhal syndrome PCOS
| and SAPHO syndrome
