Derm

Question 1

what is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 1

increased thickness in the keratin layer

Question 2

what is parakeratosis?

Answer 2

persistence of nuclei in the keratin layer

Question 3

what is acathosis?

Answer 3

increased thickness of epithelium

Question 4

what is papillomatosis?

Answer 4

irregular epithelial thickening

Question 5

what is spongiosis?

Answer 5

oedemal fluid between sqames appears to increase prominence of intercellular prickles

Question 6

what is a macule?

Answer 6

a flat colour change <1cm

Question 7

what is a patch?

Answer 7

a flat colour change >1cm

Question 8

what is a papule?

Answer 8

localised elevated area <0.5cm

Question 9

what is a nodule?

Answer 9

localised elevated area >0.5cm

Question 10

what is a pustule?

Answer 10

pus filled spot

Question 11

what is a vesicle?

Answer 11

fluid filled <0.5cm

Question 12

what is a bulla?

Answer 12

fluid filled >0.5cm

Question 13

what is a plaque?

Answer 13

raised edge with flatter surface >0.5cm

Question 14

what is a wheal?

Answer 14

a compressible dermal swelling

Question 15

what is a cyst?

Answer 15

a nodule containing semisolid material

Question 16

what is purpura?

Answer 16

extravasation of blood, will not blanche, may be raised

Question 17

what is a scale?

Answer 17

accumulated fragments of keratin layer

Question 18

what is a crust?

Answer 18

dried exudate

Question 19

what does lichenified mean?

Answer 19

thickening with increased skin markings

Question 20

what is an erosion?

Answer 20

a superficial break in the dermis

Question 21

what is an ulcer?

Answer 21

a deeper break into the dermis

Question 22

what is a scar?

Answer 22

normal tissue replaced by fibrous tissue

Question 23

what is atrophy?

Answer 23

loss of epidermis +/- dermis

Question 24

how is scabies treated?

Answer 24

permethrin

Question 25

how is eczema herpeticum treated?

Answer 25

aciclovir

Question 26

how is ramsey-hunt syndrome treated?

Answer 26

oral aciclovir and oral corticosteroids

Question 27

what is first line treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis?

Answer 27

Topical potent corticosteroid + vitamin D analogue

Question 28

what may be necessary in severe urticaria?

Answer 28

A short course of an oral corticosteroid may required in addition to a non-sedating antihistamine

Question 29

what is seen under immunofluorescence in bullous pemphigoid?

Answer 29

IgG and complement deposition around the dermoepidermal junction

Question 30

what causes porphyria cutanea tarda?

Answer 30

an inherited defect in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase