Derm HX/PE/DX/Therapy Introduction

Question 1

What are the three key factors that can be used to DX a skin condition?

Answer 1

1. The degree of pruritus

2. The distribution of the pruritus

3. The nature and distribution of any primary eruption.

Question 2

Primary skin lesions

Answer 2

Macule

Papule

Nodule

Plaque

Tumor

Pustule

Wheal

Vesicle

Bulla

Question 3

secondary skin lesions

Answer 3

Scale

Crust

Scar

Ulcer

Excoriation

Lichenification

Hyperpigmentation

Hyperkeratosis

Epidermal collarette

Question 4

Large vesicle; an intraepidermal or subepidermal accumulation of serous fluid

Answer 4

bulla

Question 5

Accumulation of keratin and dried sebum in a hair follicle

Answer 5

comedones (comedo)

Question 6

Dried exudate for secretion ± epithelial or bacterial debris

Answer 6

crust

Question 7

Inflammation of the skin.

Abnormal condition or disease of the skin

Answer 7

Dermatitis*

Dermatosis*

Question 8

Epidermis (name the layers)

Answer 8

Outermost, nonvascular layer of the skin.

Made up from outward-in of 5 layers: 1) Stratum corneum, 2) S. lucidum, 3) S. granulosum, 4) S. spinosum, 5) S. basale.

Question 9

Redness produced by capillary congestion

Answer 9

erythema

Question 10

Superficial erosion or ulcer; usually implies scratch­ing or abrasion

Answer 10

excoriation

Question 11

Inflammation of hair follicles and associated adnexae

Answer 11

folliculitis

Question 12

Thickening of the stratum corneum due to an increased number of keratinized cells. Maybe from increased production or decreased loss. Orthokeratosis is a form wherein in the nucleus is lost in normal fashion (vs. parakeratosis).

Answer 12

Hyperkeratosis

Question 13

Cell of the epidermis

Answer 13

keratinocyte

Question 14

Thickening of skin with exaggeration of normal markings. Consists of acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and dermal thickening.

Answer 14

Lichenification

Question 15

Circumscribed, flat change in skin color. May be pale, hyper­pigmented or erythematous.

Answer 15

macule

Question 16

A large papule; a circum­scribed lesion raised above the level of the epidermis. Often extends into dermis.

Answer 16

nodule

Question 17

Circumscribed elevation of skin less than 1 cm in diameter.

Answer 17

papule

Question 18

Raised flat‑topped lesion

Answer 18

plaque

Question 19

Circumscribed epidermal or dermal accumulation of purulent exudate.

Answer 19

pustule

Question 20

Purulent dermatitis

Answer 20

pyoderma

Question 21

Flake of abnormal or compacted epithelial cells.

Answer 21

scale

Question 22

A functional disturbance of sebaceous glands or of lipid metabolism of the epidermis. Accompanied by abnormal keratinization

Answer 22

seborrhea

Question 23

Layer of epi­dermis com­posed of flat­tened cells with pyk­notic nuclei and keratin gran­ules

Answer 23

s. granulosum

Question 24

Swelling or enlargement. Usually, but not always, neoplastic

Answer 24

tumor

Question 25

Loss of substance on a cutaneous surface exposing inner layers or tissues. May imply full thickness loss of epidermis.

Answer 25

ulcer

Question 26

A circumscribed elevation of epidermis caused by accumulation of clear fluid within or beneath the epidermis.

Answer 26

vesicle

Question 27

Sharply circumscribed skin elevation produced by edema of the superficial dermis. This is commonly known as a hive.

Answer 27

wheal

Question 28

What are these stains most useful for evaluating:

Answer 28

Question 29

A macule that is \>1cm= a ...

Answer 29

patch

Question 30

Name the lesion?

Answer 30

macule (aka target lesion)

Question 31

Name the lesion?

Answer 31

papule

Question 32

Name the lesion?

Answer 32

plaque

Question 33

Name the lesion?

Answer 33

a pustule

Question 34

DDX for follicular papular/pustule eruption

Answer 34

dermatophyte bacteria demodex

Question 35

DDX for non-follicular pustule/papule?

Answer 35

Question 36

Name the lesion? Caused by?

Answer 36

vesicle contact dermatitis & autoimmune skin dz

Question 37

Name the lesion? Causes?

Answer 37

bulla burns, contact dermatitis, drug rxn, autoimmune dz

Question 38

Name the lesion?

Answer 38

nodule

Question 39

Name the lesion type?

Answer 39

tumor | (may or may not be neoplastic)

Question 40

Lesion type? Test to make sure it is this type of lesion?

Answer 40

wheal (edema under skin) Diascopy - swelling should go down and blanch (if erythematous) when you press on the lesion if it is d/t vascular fluid leakage

Question 41

A dog presents with the following? Primary or secondary lesion? If secondary, what was the primary lesion? Name of lesion?

Answer 41

Secondary- epidermal collarette Primary lesion was a pustule

Question 42

Name the lesion? Primary or secondary? If secondary, what is the primary lesion?

Answer 42

Secondary: scale Primary: large scales= pustule small scales= dandruff

Question 43

lesion? 1 or 2?

Answer 43

crust seondary

Question 44

A lesion associated with hypopigmentation, alopecia, and/or a thinner dermis.

Answer 44

scar

Question 45

Lesion? 1 or 2?

Answer 45

ulcer; secondary

Question 46

Lesions? 1 or 2?

Answer 46

excoriations (implies scratching or abrasions)

Question 47

Lesion? 1 or 2?

Answer 47

lichenification; secondary

Question 48

Lesion? 1 or 2?

Answer 48

hyperkeratosis secondary

Question 49

Lesion? 1 or 2? What structure in the skin is most often affected and why do they loose pigment?

Answer 49

depigmentation basement membrane that contains melanocytes is attacked via an inflammatory or neoplastic process that affects the melanocytes

Question 50

Type of diagnostic test? What can be observed along the hair shaft?

Answer 50

direct microscopic exam of hair arthrospores

Question 51

What is a cytology useful for?

Answer 51

identify secondary infections