Dermal Pathology Flashcards

Question

eczematous dermatitis

Answer 1

- type of acute inflammatory skin pathology - contact dermatitis is the most common - delayed hypersensitivity reaction - can be pruritic (itching), edematous, or oozing plaques/vesicles - can be caused by drugs, UV, or irritating chemicals - can be associated with asthma or allergic rhinitis

Answer 2

- cellular memory of the reaction so that future contacts cause an increased dermatitis reaction

Answer 3

- hypersensitivity to infections and drugs - dermal edema (blister and necrosis) - wide rand of expression and severity - can be severe and life-threatening (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)

Answer 4

- severe form of erythema mutltiforma - generalized all over the body - reaction to medication (sulfonamides, salicylates) - can also be a reaction to infections such as herpes virus or fungal infections - can have epidermal necrosis with blisters - T-cells attacking antigen and surrounding cells (basal cells)

Answer 5

- type of chronic inflammatory skin pathology - inciting antigen; auto-rejection or environmentally induced - 1-2% in US - can be accompanied by increase in heart attacks and arthritis - treatment: NSAIDs and immunosuppressant drugs - symptoms: well-marked by pink to salmon colored plaques; regular acanthosis in epidermis --> thinning of epidermis with increased bleeding

Answer 6

- type of chronic inflammatory skin pathology - middle aged patients - affects extremities and the oral cavity - symptoms: lace-like white markings referred to as "Wickham Striae"; resolves in 1-2 years but usually persists in the oral cavity; hyperkeratosis; epidermal hyperplasia - cause: unknown mechanism; hyper-reactive T-cells may be involved

Answer 7

- can result in a type of chronic inflammatory skin pathology - chronic auto-immune response - environmental triggers: drugs, UV , viruses, stress - affects the skin: butterfly rash on face - manage with NSAIDs, steroids, immunosuppressant drugs - can cause long-term effects such as blood clots, seizures, and heart attacks

Answer 8

- ex. impetigo - usually superficial staph or strep infections on face and extremities - contagious through contact; primarily seen in kids - symptoms: honey color crusts, pustules - treatment: topical abx such as tetracycline

Answer 9

- tinea (ring worm) or candida - often infections in immunocompromised patients (very common) - erythematous macules; often pruritic (itching)

Answer 10

- ex. warts/verrucae (HPV) - contagious by direct contact - can auto-inoculate and spread - epidermal hyperplasia; papillo mitosis

Answer 11

- pemphigus: painful flaccid blister-like deep erosions and crusts after rupture; due to hypersensitivity reaction - dermatitis herpetiformis - use immunosuppressive treatment - tend to be auto-immune responses

Answer 12

- several variants - has acanthosis - blister formation (bullous) - auto-immune - typically treat with steroids - pemphigus vulgaris has "Tzanck cells"

Answer 13

- oral expression = HSV 1 (cold sores) - genital expression = HSV 2 - group vesicles, epidermal acantholysis, vesicles, sloughing

Answer 14

- dermatomal distribution (possible to have trigeminal nerve involvement and can be dangerous if spreads to surrounding tissue such as the eye or brain) - Varicella Zoster Virus can cause shingles usually later in life in those who have had chicken pox) - symptoms: unilateral, dermatomal distribution; band of rash that often itches, burns, or throbs; persists for weeks to months; relief via anti-inflammatories and opioids; in some cases can be like an intense neuralgia - not contagious

Answer 15

- opened comodones (black heads) - closed comodones (white heads) - cysts, pustules, abscesses, and scarring - worsened by drugs such as steroids, testosterone, and possibly contraceptives

Answer 16

- hormone changes (esp. sex hormones; increases testosterone influences) - blocks hair follicle and sebaceous gland hair follicle has proliferation of lining cells and cellular sloughing --> forms a cellular plug and traps bacteria, cellular debris and sebum - gland ruptures and contents spread to form cysts, abscesses, and scarring (area is inflamed and swollen)

Answer 17

- antibiotics (tetracycline) - keratolytics - drying agents - vitamin A (topical and systems - Accutane) - UV exposure

Answer 18

- young women - causes: long-term steroid use or cosmetic use, hormonal changes - follicular papules, vesicles and pustules

Answer 19

- benign dermal neoplastic - elderly, middle-aged - coin-like plaques, stuck-on appearance - tan to dark brown, granular surface - can be generally spread

Answer 20

- pre-malignant - related to UV exposure in fair-skinned people - brown to red lesions - rough, scaly texture

Answer 21

- moles - benign neoplasm of melanocytes - well-defined borders and not predisposed to cancer - pigmented nevus

Answer 22

- sporadic - if more than 10 lesions, have increased risk of melanoma - irregular borders - asymmetric borders

Answer 23

- most common malignant skin neoplasm - least aggressive, most common malignancy worldwide - slow growing, but can be disfiguring if not removed early and can ulcerate and bleed - remove with local incision (does not metastasize)

Answer 24

- 2nd most common (behind basal cell) - intermediate aggression, no metastasis - red, scaling plaques - locally aggressive, remove with surgery - often presents as a scaling, ulcerative nodule - can have "keratin pearls" which are islands of neoplastic skin cells

Answer 25

- least common, typically aggressive and metastasizes - warning signs: rapid enlargement of a nevus, new pigmented lesions not from a pre-existing nevus, irregular borders, irregular surface, and irregular colors - usually superficial and spreads - caused by UV exposure and genetics - prognosis: poor if metastasized (common sites are lungs, liver, and brain)

Answer 26

- high mitotic rate - lack of immune response to slow the spread (especially when it has traveled to the lymph nodes) - prognosis is good for superficial lesions and poor for metastatic disease, high mitotic rate and poor immune response

Answer 27

- cancers - pulmonary diseases - cardiovascular diseases - diabetes - alzheimer's disease - oral diseases (periodontal disease) - neurological diseases - arthritis

Dermal Pathology Flashcards

(51 cards)