Dermatlogy

Question 1

Which skin disease is normally found on extensor surfaces?

Answer 1

Psoriasis

Question 2

Which skin diseases are normally found on flexor surfaces?

Answer 2

Atopic eczema

Question 3

What is Koehler phenomenon

Answer 3

Psoriasis where scratch has occured on the skin

Question 4

Singular circle rash is known as?

Answer 4

Annular (granuloma annular)

Question 5

Multiple circles of rash is known as?

Answer 5

Tinea (ringworm)

Question 6

What does dermatomal mean?

Answer 6

In a dermatome distribution, area of skin supplied by a nerve

Question 7

What is a macule?

Answer 7

Flat mark on the skin, lacking or overstimulating pigment can also be red, usually <1cm

Question 8

What is a papule?

Answer 8

Small solid elevation of the skin, <5mm in diameter.

Question 9

Describe Lichen Planus

Answer 9

Flat topped papule

Question 10

Describe a xanthoma

Answer 10

Dome shaped papule

Question 11

What is a nodule?

Answer 11

Similar to a papule but greater than 5mm can be oedematous or solid. (Raise in the skin)

Question 12

What is a bulla?

Answer 12

Large blister greater than 5mm in diameter containing fluid

Question 13

What is a vesicle?

Answer 13

Small blister <5mm in diameter, consists of clear fluid within or below epidermis (chicken pox)

Question 14

What is a pustule?

Answer 14

Blister less than 5mm with a visible collection of free pus

Question 15

What’s a furuncle?

Answer 15

Infected pustule

Question 16

Example of a sterile pustule?

Answer 16

Pustular psoriasis

Question 17

What is a cyst?

Answer 17

A nodule consisting of a epithelial-lined cavity filled with fluid or semi solid material

Question 18

What is a plaque?

Answer 18

A palpable, plateau like elevation of abnormal skin >2cm in diameter, group of papules that coalesce = plaque

Question 19

What is a scale?

Answer 19

Thickened horny layer (keratin) with readily detaching fragments.

Question 20

What is an ulcer?

Answer 20

Circumscribed area of skin loss

Question 21

What is an arterial ulcer?

Answer 21

A.k.a gangrene in the arterial area, usually on lower feet/ankle such as toes, shins and other pressure points. Pinpoint, small, deep and painful. Regular borders.

Question 22

What is a venous ulcer?

Answer 22

Usually an ulcer of the venous system, on foot/ankle larger more irregular borders. Found on malleolus usually. Large shallow less painful.

Question 23

What is a malignant ulcer?

Answer 23

Tumour outstrips its own blood supply

Question 24

What is lichenification

Answer 24

Shining of the skin due to chronic scratching

Question 25

What is purpura?

Answer 25

Extravasion of blood resulting in red discolouration of the skin

Question 26

What is ecchymosis

Answer 26

Macular red or purple haemorrhage more than 2mm in diameter (purpura but bigger)

Question 27

What is crust?

Answer 27

Soemthing easily wiped off, usually blood serum or pus

Question 28

What is an erosion?

Answer 28

Superficial break in the epidermis not extending into the dermis. Heals without scarring

Question 29

What is an excoriation?

Answer 29

Superficial abrasion often linear due to scratching

Question 30

What is a naevus?

Answer 30

A mole, normal hyperplasia of a normal constituent of the skin

Question 31

What bacteria causes impetigo?

Answer 31

Staph aureus

Question 32

What bacteria causes ecthyma and carbuncle?

Answer 32

Staph aureus

Question 33

What bacteria causes cellulitis?

Answer 33

Strep pyogenes

Question 34

What bacteria causes erysipelas?

Answer 34

Strep pyogenes

Question 35

What bacteria is included in the normal skin flora?

Answer 35

Staphylpoccoci (20%), micrococci, corynebacteria and propionibacteria

Question 36

What bacteria causes acne?

Answer 36

Propionibacteria acne

Question 37

What is a common viral skin infection?

Answer 37

Warts (verrucae)

Question 38

What herpes simplex virus causes cold sores?

Answer 38

HSV-1

Question 39

What herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes

Answer 39

HSV-2

Question 40

What causes shingles?

Answer 40

Herpes zoster

Question 41

What causes chicken pox?

Answer 41

Varicella zoster

Question 42

What is molluscum contagious

Answer 42

Water warts, caused by pox virus

Question 43

What des dermatophytes infect?

Answer 43

Skin, nails and scalp

Question 44

What is pityriasis versicolour

Answer 44

Pigmentary skin changes revealed by tanning in the sun

Question 45

Pedicures is another name for what?

Answer 45

Lice

Question 46

What acne affects the older popualtion?

Answer 46

Acne rosacea

Question 47

What are the 3 types of non-melanoma skin cancer?

Answer 47

1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Bowens disease 3. Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 48

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 48

- firm nodule. Ulcer in the middle, pearly edge, takes years to grow, never metastasises

Question 49

Bowens disease

Answer 49

Crusted erythematous plaque, middle age-elderly patients, trunk and limbs

Question 50

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 50

Often develops on sites of previous sun damage, thickened keratotic nodule with a poorly defined edge. Dilated telangiectatic blood vessels

Question 51

Malignant melanoma?

Answer 51

50% of all UK cases, commonest on lower leg. Irregular border more than 2 colours, develops in a long standing freckle = lentil malignant melanoma

Question 52

Diagnosis of melanoma key points 6.

Answer 52

1. Size (increase) 2. Shape (irregular) 3. Colour (variation) 4. Inflammation (may be at the edge) 5. Crusting (ooze/bleed) 6. Itch (common)

Question 53

What is the ABCDE criteria in dermatology

Answer 53

A= asymmetric shape B= border irregular C= colour variegated D= diameter greater than 6mm E=elevation of a flat mole

Question 54

Describe a patch

Answer 54

Larger than a 1cm, big and flat

Question 55

What is scabies?

Answer 55

Marks around the hand and groin area showing burrowing in the skin, linear white lines

Question 56

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

Answer 56

1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous tissue (adipose)

Question 57

What are the 2 subdivisions of the dermis?

Answer 57

Squamous and basal

Question 58

5 functions of the skin

Answer 58

Temp regulation, immunity, barrier, sun uv protection, vitamin D production, water loss prevention, attraction, sensation

Question 59

Lotion Bases in order 5

Answer 59

1. Solution 2. Gel 3. Lotion 4. Cream 5. Ointment