Obstetrics

Question 1

What does term mean?

Answer 1

37-42 (usually)

Question 2

When does a baby become post-term

Answer 2

40 weeks +

Question 3

Quickening meaning?

Answer 3

Foetal movement

Question 4

FM/RFM/DFM meaning

Answer 4

Foetal movement/ reduced/diminished

Question 5

IUGR meaning?

Answer 5

Intrauterine growth restriction

Question 6

What’s an ectropion

Answer 6

Columnar epithelium from the cervix meets squamous epithelium from the vaginal tissue

Question 7

When is an ectropion normal?

Answer 7

Young person on contraception

Question 8

What causes ectropions?

Answer 8

Hormones - oestrogen causes changes in tissue lining

Question 9

When is an ectropion a problem?

Answer 9

An older lady who could maybe have an oestrogen secreating tumour

Question 10

What is the transformation zone in relation to female reproductive system

Answer 10

Ectropion

Question 11

Nabothian cyst meaning?

Answer 11

Lump filled with mucus on the surface of the cervix

Question 12

What is a C-section

Answer 12

Surgical procedure either planned or emergency done to retrieve the baby if worrie of maternal or foetal health. Incision of the lower more fibrous part of the uterus

Question 13

What is baseline bradycardia?

Answer 13

HR of <100

Question 14

What is baseline tachycardia

Answer 14

Heart rate >160

Question 15

What is loss of baseline variability

Answer 15

<5beats/min variability around the baseline

Question 16

What is early deceleration

Answer 16

slowing of the heart rate which starts during a contraction and returns to normal after

Question 17

What is late deceleration

Answer 17

Slowing of foetal heart rate after contraction occurs and doesnt return to normal after 30seconds

Question 18

What is variable decelerations

Answer 18

Slowing of heart rate independent of contractions

Question 19

How many categories of C section are there?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

What is a cat 1 c section

Answer 20

Immediate threat to life of mother or baby
Delivery within 30 mins of decision needed

Question 21

What is cat 2 section

Answer 21

Maternal/foetal compromise thats not immediately life threatening
Delivery within 75 mins

Question 22

What is a cat 3 section

Answer 22

Delivery need but both stable

Question 23

what’s a cat 4 section

Answer 23

Elective

Question 24

When can you have an abortion

Answer 24

24 weeks onward

Question 25

What date is the abortion act

Answer 25

1990

Question 26

How to get abortion signed of?

Answer 26

2 medical practitioners

Question 27

What medicine is given from abortion

Answer 27

Mifepristone followed 48hrs later by prostaglandins then pregnancy test in 2 weeks

Question 28

What surgical options are there for termination

Answer 28

1. MVA manual vacuum aspiration (misoprostol +/- mifepristone cervical priming) 2. Dilation and evacuation (d+e - IUD inserted after evacuation)

Question 29

What’s ECV

Answer 29

External cephalic Version - breech/transverse to cephalic

Question 30

When is ECV given

Answer 30

37 weeks

Question 31

Is anti-d given for ECV in rhesus neg mothers

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Foetal causes of breech/malpresentaitons (4 foetal)

Answer 32

1. Premature (small) 2. Microsomnia (thin) 3. Polyhydramnios (water everywhere) 4. Multiple pregnancy (more room)

Question 33

How many stages of labour are there

Answer 33

4

Question 34

What is latent first stage

Answer 34

Cervic 0-4cm Painful contractions (intermittent or continuous)

Question 35

what is active first stage

Answer 35

Cervix 4-10 Regular painful contractions Usually 8 hours for nulliparous, 5 hours for multi

Question 36

What is second stage

Answer 36

Expulsion of foetal from full cervical dilation

Question 37

What is third stage delivery

Answer 37

Placental delivery

Question 38

Role of oxytocin in pregnancy

Answer 38

Induces dilation caused from baby’s head pressure on cervical os

Question 39

Types of SROM breaking (2)

Answer 39

Forewater (normal bubble at head that squeezes under pressure = gush) Hindwtar (baby leg broke it = trickles down)

Question 40

What does green SROM suggest

Answer 40

Meconium staning, foetal distress

Question 41

What’s meconium

Answer 41

Baby poo

Question 42

5 symptoms of late pregnancy

Answer 42

1. Nesting behaviour 2. Mucous plug goes 3. Baby droop/ relief off lungs 4. Bowel habits change (diarrhoea) 5. Backache

Question 43

What is PPH

Answer 43

Post partum haemorrhage

Question 44

How is PPH defined

Answer 44

Blood loss of >500ml after vaginal delivery

Question 45

What are the 4Ts in relation to PPH

Answer 45

1. Tone 2. Trauma 3. Tissue 4. Thrombin

Question 46

When does PPH happen

Answer 46

24 hours

Question 47

What tx is for PPH

Answer 47

Mechanical, medical and surgical

Question 48

Mechanical method for pPH (3)

Answer 48

ABCDE Warmed crystalloid Compress the uterus and catheterise pt

Question 49

medical methods of tx for PPH (4)

Answer 49

IV oxytocin Egometrine slow iV Carboprost Misoprostol

Question 50

Surgical PPH

Answer 50

Balloon tamponade Ligation Hysterectomy

Question 51

When is the timeline for PPH

Answer 51

24hrs-6weeks

Question 52

What is the incision known as for C-section

Answer 52

Pfannensteil incision

Question 53

How many layers are there to go through before retrieving the baby

Answer 53

7

Question 54

What are the 7 layers of the c-section

Answer 54

1. Skin 2. Subcutaneous fat 3. Rectus fascia 4. Rectus abdominus muscles 5. Peritoneum 6. Lower uterine segment entered 7. Amniotic sac BABY

Question 55

How many layers of the peritoneum are there

Answer 55

1. Parietal 2. Visceral

Question 56

What part of the peritoneum is cut through

Answer 56

1. Parietal layer

Question 57

What’s a feature of the peritoneum

Answer 57

Highly vascularised

Question 58

Reasons for c-section?

Answer 58

1. Breech 2. Dysocia (prolonged and unprogressive brith) 3. Placenta praevia 4. Foetal distress (placenta separates, umbilical cord squeezed/pressed, strangling baby, inadequate blood flow) 5. Multiple births 6. HTN 7. Uncontrolled

Question 59

When is a c-section usually done?

Answer 59

After 39 week gestation

Question 60

What is a Bakri Catheter

Answer 60

Balloon Tamponade