Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gen Path > Dermatologic Disease > Flashcards

Dermatologic Disease Flashcards

(111 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Lasts days to weeks, includes inflammation and edema, is self limited or chronic

A

Acute inflammatory Dermatoses
(Urticaria and Eczema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type I hypersensitivity rxn
allergic rxn where mast cell granulation leads to erythema and edema

A

Urticaria (Hives)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dermal microvascular hyper permeability / increased vascular permeability

A

Urticaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Small pruritic papules to large erythematous plaques

A

Urticaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Wheals or plaques

A

Urticaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pruritic erythematous papules - possible vessicles that ooze and crust

A

Eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Turns into raised scaly plaques

A

Eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 things Eczema can be due to

A

allergy
defect in keratinocyte barrier
drug hypersensitivity
UV light
physical/chemical irritant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis fits under this category

A

Eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Environmental agent that reacts with self-proteins creating neoantigens that sensitizes T cells . On re exposure, memory CD4+ T cells are activated and release cytokines that recruit inflammatory cells and cause epidermal damage

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Apparent after months/years. Skin = rough due to thick scale and shedding

A

Chronic inflammatory dermatoses
(Psoriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increased risk for heart attack and stroke

A

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

affects arthritis patients

A

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pink to salmon colored plaque covered by a silver scale

A

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Elbow, knees, scalp

A

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Severe complication of Psoriasis

A

Psoriatic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pinpoint bleeding upon scratching scale off lesions

A

Psoriasis - Auspitz sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Creating of lesions by scratching and leaving a trail

A

Psoriasis (not specific to it) - Koebnerization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TNF antagonist as treatment

A

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the autoimmue response of Psoriasis

A

T-cell mediated inflammatory disease
T-cells release cytokines –> TNF α –> proliferation of keratinocytes –> formation of thickened plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 infectious dermatoses
fungal -
bacterial -

A

Fungal = Superficial dermatophytes
Bacterial = Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Causes focal alopecia

A

Tinea capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ringworm

A

Tinea corporis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Yeast that infects intertriginous zones

A

Candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Things that increase risk of candida
Steroids Antibiotics Diabetes Immunosuppression
25
What bacteria causes Impetigo
Strep. Pyogenes Staph. aureus
26
Fragile vesicles to flaccid bullae
Impetigo
27
Children, crowding, poor hygiene, hot/humid
Impetigo
28
Honey colored crust
Impetigo
29
May resemble exfoliative cheilitis
Impetigo
30
May resemble recurrent herpes simplex
Impetigo
31
May resemble child abuse
Impetigo
32
Treatment = mupirocin
Impetigo
33
Hyperpigmented skin
Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)
34
Velvety skin
Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)
35
axilla, groin, or back of neck
Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)
36
Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) is associated with
internal GI malignancy
37
benign Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) is associated with
endocrinpathies or syndromes Drug ingestion (insulin)
38
Oral lesion of Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)
papillary lesion of lips and tongue associated with internal malignancy
39
Slow growing, fluctuant/rubbery nodule filled with keratin
Epidermoid cyst
40
On face and neck from hair follicles
Epidermoid cyst
41
Yellowish to white normal skin appearance
Epidermoid cyst
42
Tan-brown to black
Seborrheic keratosis
43
well-demarcated plaques
Seborrheic keratosis
44
stuck on, dirty candle wax, dried mud on brick wall
Seborrheic keratosis
45
basal cells that produce keratin
Seborrheic keratosis
46
variant of Seborrheic keratosis, multiple small dark papules on cheek
Dermatosis papulosa Nigra
47
With Seborrheic keratosis, if hundred appear suddenly
Leser-Trelat (sign of internal malignancy)
48
Premalignant Chronic sun (UV light)
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
49
On vermillion zone
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
50
Usually 6-8 lesions
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
51
Scaly plaque - sandpaper texture
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
52
Hyperkeratosis histologically
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
53
Epithelial dysplasia histologically
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
54
solar elastosis histologically
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
55
Sun-induced cancer from existing Actinic Keratosis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
56
Fleshy, firm nodule, keratinized, crusty or ulcerated surface
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
57
Rare to metastasize
Basal Cell Carcinoma
58
From basal cells of epidermis or germ cells in hair follicles
Basal Cell Carcinoma
59
Most common skin cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
60
History of chronic skin exposure
Basal Cell Carcinoma
61
Middle 1/3 of face
Basal Cell Carcinoma
62
2 main subtypes of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Noduloulcerative (most common) Sclerosing
63
Papule with central ulceration and rolled pearly white border
Basal Cell Carcinoma - Noduloulcerative
64
Lack of skin structure (hair)
Basal Cell Carcinoma - Noduloulcerative
65
Rodent ulcer
Basal Cell Carcinoma - Noduloulcerative
66
mimics scar tissue although patient never had an injury
Basal Cell Carcinoma - sclerosing
67
Histologically, basaloid cells "drop off" the basal cell layer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
68
Histologically can be similar to ameloblastoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
69
First option treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma
Mohs Surgery
70
Least common of the 3 skin cancers
Melanoma
71
75% of deaths due to skin cancer
Melanoma
72
Can be UV induced and non UV induced
Melanoma
73
Non UV melanomas have __ mutations
KIT
74
Can have a hereditary predisposition
Melanoma
75
Germline mutations in CDKN2A gene
Melanoma
76
UV induced melanomas have a __ mutation
RAS/BRAF
77
p16 inactivation leads to
vertical growth of Melanoma
78
p53 mutation leads to
metastasis of Melanoma
79
Most common type of Melanoma
Superficial spreading
80
this type of Melanoma occurs on Back, Arms, Neck and Scalp
superficial spreading
81
radial phase lasts months to years before vertical phase
superficial spreading
82
This type of melanoma occurs in malar skin or elderly
Lentigo Maligna
83
Expands rapidly over 10-15 years before vertical growth
Lentigo Maligna
84
Type of melanoma unrelated to skin cancer common in black and asians
Acral Lentiginous
85
Short radial growth before invading
Acral Lentiginous
86
On fingers and toes
Acral Lentiginous
87
Most mucosal melanomas are this type
Acral Lentiginous
88
Elevated and fast growing melanoma that is unrelated to sun exposure
Nodular
89
No radical growth, starts as vertical growth
Nodular
90
worst melanoma prognosis
Nodular
91
ABCDE's tell you if its
Melanoma (Asymmetry, borders, color, diamter >6mm, evolution)
92
Best form of prognostic indicator for melanoma
Brewslow tumor thickness
93
Any benign congenital or acquired neoplasm of melanocytes
Melanocytic Nevi (common moles)
94
Mutation in BRAF or RAS
Acquired Melanocytic Nevi
95
<6 mm
Acquired Melanocytic Nevi
96
flat lesion with uniform color that elevates or fades with age
Acquired Melanocytic Nevi
97
malignant transformation is rare
Acquired Melanocytic Nevi
98
Sporadic or familial RAS or BRAF mutation
Dysplastic Nevi
99
Larger than aquired nevi
Dysplastic Nevi
100
May have hundreds
Dysplastic Nevi
101
On sun exposed and not sun exposed skin
Dysplastic Nevi
102
when is there an increased risk for melanoma with Dysplastic Nevi
with there is more than 10
103
macules or plaques with a pebbly surface
Dysplastic Nevi
104
Variable pigmentation and irregular borders
Dysplastic Nevi
105
more stable over time <6mm vs evolves / changes over time and >6mm
Dysplastic Nevi vs Melanoma
106
2 benign melanocytic skin lesions
Ephelis / ephelides (freakles) Actinic lentigo
107
Brown macule, increased pigment with sun exposure
Ephelis / ephelides (freakles)
108
Normal number of melanocytes
Ephelis / ephelides (freakles)
109
Brown macule on dorsal of hand and face
Actinic lentigo
110
linear increase of melanocytes in basal layer
Actinic lentigo

Gen Path (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions