Dermatological Disorderd and Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What 3 things need to be used each time you describe a rash?

Answer 1

morphology, configuration, and distribution

Question 2

a flat discoloration (e.g. freckles, petechiae)

Answer 2

macule

Question 3

an elevated, firm lesion >1cm

Answer 3

nodule

Question 4

a flat discoloration that looks as though it is a collection of multiple, tiny pigment changes (e.g. mongolian spot, cafe au lait spot)

Answer 4

patch

Question 5

a firm, elevated lump

Answer 5

tumor

Question 6

a small (<1cm), elevated, firm skin lesion (e.g. mole, wart)

Answer 6

papule

Question 7

a lesion raised above the surface and extending a bit below the epidermis, which can be an allergic reaction (e.g. PPD test, mosquito bites)

Answer 7

wheal

Question 8

a scaly, elevated lesion, which is the classic lesion in psoriasis

Answer 8

plaque

Question 9

a small (<1cm) pus-filled lesion (e.g. acne, impetigo)

Answer 9

pustule

Question 10

a small (<1cm) lesion filled with serous fluid (e.g. herpes simplex, chicken pox, herpes zoster)

Answer 10

vesicle

Question 11

a pus-filled lesion >1cm

Answer 11

abcess

Question 12

a serous-filled vesicle >1cm (e.g. burns, superficial blister)

Answer 12

bulla

Question 13

large, raised lesions filled with serous fluid, blood, and pus

Answer 13

cyst

Question 14

What is a primary lesion?

Answer 14

what did the lesion look like when it first appeared

Question 15

What is a seconday lesion?

Answer 15

What the lesion looks like after the primary lesion

Question 16

individual or distinct lesions that remain separate

Answer 16

solitary or discrete lesions

Question 17

rash following a scratch, streak, line, or stripe pattern

Answer 17

linear

Question 18

rash in a linear cluster

Answer 18

grouped

Question 19

rash in a circular pattern, beginning in the center and spreading to the periphery

Answer 19

annular

Question 20

lesions that run together

Answer 20

confluent

Question 21

term used to describe a rash where annular lesions merge

Answer 21

polycyclic

Question 22

What is a polymorphic skin disorder characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, and cysts?

Answer 22

acne

Question 23

What are open comedones?

Answer 23

blackheads

Question 24

What are closed comedones?

Answer 24

whiteheads

Question 25

What % of benzoyl peroxide should be used in mild acne?

Answer 25

2.5 - 10%

Question 26

In mild acne that doesn't respond to benzoyl peroxide, what can be used next?

Answer 26

retinoic acid (0.025% to 0.1%) or tretinoin

Question 27

What is used to treat moderate acne?

Answer 27

systemic antibiotics - doxycycline 100mg, erythromycin, minocycline

Question 28

tinea capitus

Answer 28

scalp

Question 29

tinea cruris

Answer 29

jock itch

Question 30

tinea corporis

Answer 30

body ringworm

Question 31

tinea manuum and tinea pedis

Answer 31

athlete's foot

Question 32

tinea versicolor

Answer 32

hypo/hyperpigmentation macules on limbs

Question 33

What is the primary treatment for fungal infections?

Answer 33

griseofulvin 20mg/kg/day for 6 weeks

Question 34

With chickenpox, how long are infected individuals conagious for before outbreak and after outbreak?

Answer 34

48 hours and until lesions have crusted over

Question 35

What is described as erythematous macule followed by papules and then vesicles that erupt?

Answer 35

chickenpox

Question 36

What is a common, benign viral skin infection where the lesions frequently disappear on their own in a few weeks to a few months and are not easily treated?

Answer 36

molluscum contagiosum

Question 37

What is the best way to stop molluscum contagiousum from spreading?

Answer 37

prevent scratching and touching of the lesions

Question 38

What is a chronic skin condition characterized by intense itching along a typical pattern of distribution with periods of remission and exacerbation?

Answer 38

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Question 39

What is a secondary skin condition associated with atopic dermatitis?

Answer 39

dry, leathery, and lichenified skin

Question 40

What is a common, benign, hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disorder (acute or chronic) based on genetic predisposition where the epidermal turnover time is reduced from 14 days to 2 days?

Answer 40

psoriasis

Question 41

With what skin condition are the lesions described as red, sharply defined plaques with silvery scales?

Answer 41

psoriasis

Question 42

With psoriasis, what are droplets of blood when scales are removed called?

Answer 42

auspitz's sign

Question 43

What is a mild, acute inflammatory disorder which is usually self-limiting, lasting 3-8 weeks, has an initial lesion known as a "herald patch," and a pruritic rash in a christmas tree pattern?

Answer 43

pityriasis rosea

Question 44

What is a generally mild infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci?

Answer 44

scarlet fever

Question 45

What infection presents in the first 1-2 days as a fever, exudative pharyngitis, and a swollen tongue with white exudate and/or red papillae?

Answer 45

scarlet fever

Question 46

What skin infection presents with a rash 12-48 hours after fever described as confined, bright red, flat blotches that progress into widespread sandpaper-like papillae?

Answer 46

scarlet fever

Question 47

What is the pharmceutical management of scarlet fever?

Answer 47

10-14 day course of penicillin or amoxicillin

Question 48

What is a bacterial infection of the skin typically caused by gram positive strep or staph aureus organisms that is known for its classic honey crusted lesions?

Answer 48

impetigo

Question 49

How long before a child with impetigo can return to school and other activities?

Answer 49

48 hours of treatment

Question 50

What would you think if a patient presented with interdigital lesions?

Answer 50

scabies

Question 51

What is the treatment for scabies?

Answer 51

permethrin 5% rinse (1st treatment stays on for 8-14 hours followed by a 2nd treatment in one week)

Question 52

What is the treatment for pinworms?

Answer 52

pyrantel (OTC) or mebendazole or albendazole (Rx)

Question 53

What is the most common vector-borne disase in the United States?

Answer 53

lyme disease

Question 54

What are the symptoms in the first stage of lyme disease?

Answer 54

flu-like symptoms, erythema migrans

Question 55

What is a flat or slightly raised red lesion that expands over several days but has central clearing?

Answer 55

erythema migrans

Question 56

What screening is used to detect antibodies to B. burgdorferi in lyme disease?

Answer 56

ELISA screening

Question 57

What diagnostic test in confirmatory in lyme disease?

Answer 57

western blot assay

Question 58

What are the white dots w/ red around them on the inside of the mouth called and what are they associated with?

Answer 58

koplik's spots; rubeola

Question 59

What is another word for rubeola?

Answer 59

ordinary measles

Question 60

What is another word for erythema infectiosum?

Answer 60

fifth disease

Question 61

What virus causes fifth disease?

Answer 61

human parvovirus B19

Question 62

What presents with a "slapped cheek" appearance and lacy reticular exanthema?

Answer 62

fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

Question 63

What is a highly contagious viral illness resulting in ulceration and inflammation of the soft palate and papulovesicular exanthem on the hands and feet?

Answer 63

coxsackie virus (aka, hand foot and mouth disease)

Question 64

What is a highly contagious viral infection primarily affecting the salivary glands (parotitis) causing puffy cheeks and a tender, swollen jaw?

Answer 64

mumps