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Neo Board Review MAP > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

Most common pustular rash
Onset 1 to 2 days, lasts <1 week
Wright staining - eosinophils

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2
Q

Milia

A

Tiny, white, smooth-surfaced papules on face and scalp
Inclusion cysts in epidermidis with layers of trapped keratinized stratum corneum
Resolves spontaneously

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3
Q

Sebaceous hyperplasia

A

Follicular, smooth yellow-white papules grouped into plaques
No surrounding erythema
Due to androgen stimulation from mom

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4
Q

Miliaria

A

Obstruction of eccrine duct

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5
Q

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

A

Three phases

  1. Superficial vesicopustules at Birth, very fragile
  2. Fine collarette of scale around resolving pustule
  3. Hyperpigmented brown macules, may take months to fade
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6
Q

Neonatal acne

A 
Appears by 2-3 weeks
Inflammatory, erythematous papules/pustules mostly on cheeks
No comedones
Resolves spontaneously
Not infantile acne
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7
Q

Congenital melanocytic nevi

A

Pigmented proliferations seen at birth
Benign, tumor-like malformations due to faulty development of melanocyte precursors
Composed of abnormal mixture of skin elements
Risk for malignant melanoma transformation later in life

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8
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa

A

Inherited disorders
Fagility of skin in response to minor trauma
Mutation in genes for basement membrane proteins
May present in neonate as congenital localized absence of skin/large ulcers
Three major types

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9
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex

A

Most common/mild
Autosomal dominant
Usually just skin involvement

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10
Q

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa

A 
Least common
Autosomal recessive
Poor outcome due to extracutaneous complications
Nail dystrophy is common
Specific subtype with pyloric atresia
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11
Q

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

A

Milder
Autosomal recessive and dominant
Extracutaneous complications can occur

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12
Q

Bullous impetigo

A

Infection with S. aureus phage group 2 Release of toxins -> epidermolysis/blister formation
Localized to diaper area and abdomen
Gram stain with gram-positive cocci in clusters
Treat with IV antibiotics (not mupirocin)

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13
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

A

Due to staph aureus phage 2
Bright erythema of face-> severe bolus eruptions
Fever, irritability, tender skin, conjunctivitis, nasal congestion
Positive Nikolsky sign
Cultures from bullae are sterile
Can culture nasopharynx, blood, or conjunctiva
Treatment IV antibiotics

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14
Q

Nevus sebaceous (of Jadassohn)

A

Organoid hamartoma of a appendageal structures
Pink/yellow or yellow/orange plaque on scalp or face
Some with cerebriform or papillomatous morphology
May develop neoplastic growths -> observe

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15
Q

Incontinentia pigmenti

A

Newborns present with small clustered blisters on an erythematous base (along Blaschko lines)

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16
Q

Ichthyosis vulgaris

A 
Autosomal dominant
Appear normal at birth
Presents at three months with mild scales, no flexural involvement
Maximum symptoms by puberty
A/W atopic dermatitis
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17
Q

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis

A

Autosomal dominant
Seen at birth, looks similar to SSSS
Wide spread bullae with possible bad odor 2/2 infection

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18
Q

Ichthyosis

A

Can present as collodion infant at birth

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19
Q

Congenital hemangiomas

A

Fully formed at birth
Do not proliferate
Two types: rapidly involuting, non-involuting

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20
Q

Infantile hemangiomas

A

Most common vascular tumor of infancy
Rapid growth followed by spontaneous involution
Three types - Superficial, combined, deep

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21
Q

Complications of hemangiomas

A

Ulceration
Structural deformity and airway involvement
Congestive heart failure

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22
Q

When to treat hemangiomas

A 
Life or function threatening
Located where permanent deformity may occur (nose, lip, ear)
Large facial lesions
Ulcerated
Pedunculated
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23
Q

Multiple hemangiomas

A

10 to 25%

Visceral involvement - screen for liver/other lesions if >5 hemangiomas noted, echo to rule out heart failure

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24
Q

Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon

Study These Flashcards
A

Vascular anomalies + thrombocytopenia + coagulopathy



25
Examples of vascular tumors
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma Tufted angioma Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia
26
Cutis aplasia
Focal congenital defects of skin Involve dermis and epidermis Reepithilialize over several months without intervention
27
Tuberous sclerosis
``` Autosomal dominant Cutaneous, cardiac, neuro anomalies Hypomelanocytic macules or patches (ash leaf spots) are earliest sign, seen in 90% of patients <3 maybe a normal variant May need woods lamp if fair skin ```
28
Waardenburg syndrome
``` Autosomal dominant Depigmented patches of skin and hair Heterochromia iridis Congenital nerve deafness Craniofacial anomalies ```
29
Café au lait macules
Round/oval, tan to brown macules Can be a normal variant >6 bigger than 5mm concerning for neurofibromatosis type 1 McCune–Albright syndrome: large Café au lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, endocrine dysfunction
30
Urachus
Remnant of regressed allantois that runs from baldder to umbilicus
31
Omphalomesenteric duct
Connects ileum to umbilicus | Regresses between 5-9 weeks GA
32
Umbilical granuloma
Small bright red papules Due to umbilicus not re-epitheliazing Treat with silver nitrate No discharge
33
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Autosomal dominant Mucocutaneous pigmentation and G.I. polyps Has been a/w bowel obstruction in the neonate Develop hamartomatous polyps later in life
34
Harlequin color change
Dependent 1/2 of body turns red, other 1/2 pale | Due to temporary inbalance of autonomic regulatory mechanism of cutaneous vessels
35
Eosinophils on Wright stain
Erythema toxicum
36
Inclusion cysts with keratinized stratum corneum
Milia
37
Miliaria profunda
Occlusion at or below dermoepidermal junction | Rare in newborns
38
Miliaria rubra
Heat rash Erythematous papules/pustules on head/neck/trunk Intraepidermal eccrine duct obstruction
39
Miliaria crystallina
Subcorneal or intercorneal ductile obstruction Due to overheating Leads to sweat-producing, small, clear vesicles
40
Neutrophils on Wright stain
Transient pustular neonatal melanosis
41
Skin infection with a negative culture
SSSS
42
Four stages of incontinentia pigmenti
1. Vesicular 2. Verrucous 3. Hyperpigmented 4. Atrophic
43
Autosomal recessive forms ofichthyosis
Lamellar ichthyosis | CIE
44
Forms of ichthyosis with no flexural involvement
X-linked ichthyosis | Ichthyosis vulgaris
45
X-linked ichthyosis
X-linked recessive | A/W cryptorchidism in 25% of males
46
Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis
Multiple hemangiomas | Cutaneous only, no visceral involvement
47
Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis
Multiple hemangiomas | Both cutaneous and visceral lesions present
48
Treatment of Kasabach Merritt phenomenon
``` Medical emergency Treat with: - steroids - vincristine - interferon-alpha - ticlopidine - aspirin - embolization ```
49
Patent urachus from bladder to umbilicus
Urachal fistula | Urine can leak
50
Partially patent urachus
Urachal cyst
51
Urachus only patent at umbilicus
Urachal sinus
52
Failure of normal obliteration of omphalomesenteric duct
Omphalomesenteric fistula
53
Partially patent omphalomesenteric duct
Omphalomesenteric cyst
54
Omphalomesenteric duct patent only at umbilicus
Umbilical polyp
55
Conditions associated with cutis aplasia
``` Epidermolysis bullosa Opitz syndrome Adams–Oliver syndrome Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome Trisomy 13–15 4p- syndrome Johanson–Blizzard syndrome Xp22 microdeletion syndrome Chromosome 16–18 defect ```
56
Symptoms of Sturge-Weber syndrome
Port wine stains (usually in trigeminal nerve distribution) Leptomeningeal capillary venous malformation Mental deficiency Seizures Hemiparesis contralateral to facial lesion Glaucoma Ipsilateral cortical calcifications (tramline) 
57
Anomalies associated with incontinentia pigmenti
Teeth (delayed, hypodontia) Hair (alopecia, wiry hair) Nails (dystrophy) Retina (retinal vascular proliferation)
58
Finding on Tzanck smear in incontinentia pigmenti
Eosinophils 
59
What do infantile hemangiomas over express during their proliferative phase?
Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase | Leads to a consumptive hypothyroid state

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