Dermatology

Question 1

The skin is derived from what primary embryological layer?

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

What are the three primary layers of the skin?

Answer 2

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous tissue

Question 3

Which layer of the skin is avascular and superficial?

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

What are the cells in the epidermis that are an important component of the immunologic barrier of the skin?

Answer 4

Langerhans cells

Question 5

What type of cells found in the epidermis provide protection from UV rays?

Answer 5

Melanocytes

Question 6

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, etc.?

Answer 6

Dermis

Question 7

What is the purpose of the subcutaneous tissue of the skin?

Answer 7

Insulation against the cold

Reserve food source

Question 8

What is the term for a flat area of discolored skin less than a centimeter in diameter?

Answer 8

Macule

Question 9

What is the term for a solid elevation of skin less than one centimeter in diameter?

Answer 9

Papule

Question 10

What is the term for a small, fluid filled elevation of the skin?

Answer 10

Vesicle

Question 11

What is the term for a small pus filled elevation of the skin?

Answer 11

Pustule

Question 12

What is a dermatologic term used to describe patches, marks, spots, plaques, and nevi?

Answer 12

Macules

Question 13

What is a dermatologic term used to describe warts, skin tags, and moles?

Answer 13

Papules

Question 14

What is a dermatologic term used to describe blisters of herpes simplex, chicken pox, or herpes zoster?

Answer 14

Vesicles

Question 15

What is the term for a larger version of a vesicle?

Answer 15

Bulla (bullae = plural)

Question 16

Nodules and tumors are considered larger versions of what kind of skin eruption?

Answer 16

Papule

Question 17

What is the term for an edematous swelling from something like a mosquito bite or hives that are technically not solid?

Answer 17

Wheal

Question 18

What is a dermatologic term used to describe pimples?

Answer 18

Pustules

Question 19

Abscesses, furuncles, and carbuncles are larger versions of what kind of skin eruption?

Answer 19

Pustule

Question 20

What is the term for the flaky skin seen in cases of dandruff, seborrhea, and psoriasis?

Answer 20

Scales

Question 21

What is the term used for dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates seen in cases like weeping eczema and other skin conditions?

Answer 21

Crust

Question 22

What is the term for the rough, thickened epidermis with accentuated skin markings seen in cases of chronic dermatitis?

Answer 22

Lichenification

Question 23

What is the term for fine, irregular, superficial capillary dilations seen in cases like rosacea?

Answer 23

Telangiectasis

Question 24

What is excoriation?

Answer 24

Linear, crusted loss of the epidermis or dermis (example = abrasion or scratch)

Question 25

What is erosion of the skin?

Answer 25

Loss of some epidermis (example = sun damaged skin)

Question 26

What is the term for a linear crack extending into the dermis (example = athlete's foot)?

Answer 26

Fissure

Question 27

What is an ulcer?

Answer 27

Skin concavity involving the epidermis and dermis (examples = bed sores)

Question 28

What two common causes for a rash should be eliminated first before exploring other possibilities?

Answer 28

Contact and drug reactions

Question 29

What are the most common allergens seen by practitioners leading to contact dermatitis?

Answer 29

Poison ivy and hand dermatitis from household or industrial irritants

Question 30

If a patient presents with a more localized rash, what is most likely the cause?

Answer 30

Contact

Question 31

If a patient presents with a more generalized rash, what is most likely the cause?

Answer 31

Drug reaction

Question 32

What kind of skin eruptions are seen with an adverse drug reaction?

Answer 32

Itchy, red, maculopapular

Question 33

What is significant about the rash seen with secondary syphilis?

Answer 33

Generalized and nonitchy rash seen on the palms, soles, mouth or genitals

Question 34

What other symptoms can accompany the "great imitator" rash seen with secondary syphilis?

Answer 34

White mucous patches Condyloma latum Spotty alopecia of scalp

Question 35

What is the term for the primary syphilis lesion?

Answer 35

Chancre

Question 36

Why is it important to ask a patient suspected of having secondary syphilis if they have experienced previous sores?

Answer 36

The primary syphilis lesion (chancre) usually resolves by the time the secondary rash appears

Question 37

Skin eruptions occur during what stages of syphilis?

Answer 37

All!

Question 38

What percentage of people with syphilis have no serious manifestations?

Answer 38

75%

Question 39

What is unique about the primary chancre of syphilis?

Answer 39

PAINLESS ulceration that gradually disappears

Question 40

Where would we see swollen lymph nodes in a patient with primary syphilis?

Answer 40

Inguinal region

Question 41

What is the conventional treatment for primary syphilis?

Answer 41

Penicillin

Question 42

What is unique about the onset of tertiary syphilis?

Answer 42

May develop 20 years after onset of primary stage

Question 43

What are the skin presentations seen in tertiary syphilis?

Answer 43

Gummatous nodules and ulcerations

Question 44

What other organs and systems can be affected by tertiary syphilis?

Answer 44

CNS, cardiovascular system, bones, eyes, etc.

Question 45

What areas of the body receive the greatest sun exposure?

Answer 45

Ears, face, neck, and hands

Question 46

What is the ABCDE rule for skin cancer warning signs?

Answer 46

``` ASYMMETRIC surface/unequal halves BORDER is irregular, notched, scalloped, or indistinct COLOR is black, speckled, or mixed DIAMETER of a growth exceeds 6mm EVOLVING ```

Question 47

What type of skin cancer develops a central crate that rods, crusts, and bleeds?

Answer 47

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 48

Where else can squamous cell carcinoma be seen besides the common locations of the lungs and skin?

Answer 48

Nose, larynx, cervix, bladder, and anus

Question 49

Where is malignant melanoma commonly seen in men? Women?

Answer 49

Men - Trunk | Women - Legs

Question 50

What type of skin cancer accounts for the most deaths?

Answer 50

Malignant melanoma

Question 51

What is a malignant, multifocal neoplasm of reticuloendothelial cells associated with AIDS, diabetes, and malignant lymphoma?

Answer 51

Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 52

How early can the typical male balding pattern occur? Female?

Answer 52

Male - 2nd decade of life | Female - 6th decade of life

Question 53

Where does the typical male balding pattern occur?

Answer 53

Starts - frontotemporal and vertex areas | Ends - rim of hair remaining in posterolateral scalp

Question 54

What is alopecia areata?

Answer 54

Atypical patches of hair loss

Question 55

What is alopecia totalis?

Answer 55

Permanent loss of all hair on the scalp

Question 56

What is alopecia universalis?

Answer 56

Widespread loss of all body hair

Question 57

Which is more common: alopecia areata, totalis, or universalis?

Answer 57

Areata

Question 58

What is a lay term for tinea capitis?

Answer 58

Ringworm

Question 59

Why is tinea capitis seen less frequently after puberty?

Answer 59

Higher content of fungus inhibiting fatty acids in the skin oils

Question 60

What is the treatment for tinea capitis?

Answer 60

Topical fungicidal agents

Question 61

What condition is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp that presents with scaly, round, and sometimes pustule patches with broken off hairs that leave bald spots?

Answer 61

Tinea capitis

Question 62

Dandruff is a milder form of what condition?

Answer 62

Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 63

What is the conventional treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer 63

Selenium sulfide shampoos (oral corticosteroids and antibiotics if necessary)

Question 64

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer 64

Chronic, superficial, inflammatory skin process

Question 65

Where is seborrheic dermatitis commonly seen?

Answer 65

Scalp, eyebrows, face, ears, axilla, breast, groin, and gluteal folds

Question 66

What is the term for the greasy scales and yellowish crusts sometimes associated with chronic seborrheic dermatitis seen in infants?

Answer 66

Infantile cradle cap

Question 67

What condition represents excessive growth of the epidermal keratinocytes, inflamed cells, and increased angiogenesis?

Answer 67

Psoriasis

Question 68

What condition presents as silvery-white patches on red patches that are sometimes itchy?

Answer 68

Psoriasis

Question 69

What are the common locations for psoriasis?

Answer 69

Scalp, elbows, knees

Question 70

What is the treatment for psoriasis?

Answer 70

Topical and intralesional corticosteroids, UV light, tar solution baths, creams/shampoos

Question 71

What is the clinical term for head lice?

Answer 71

Pediculosis capitis

Question 72

In what population is pediculosis capitis most commonly seen?

Answer 72

Children or those with poor hygiene

Question 73

What is the main symptom, and what is the main sign of pediculosis capitis?

Answer 73

Symptom - intense itching | Sign - oval, whitish eggs attached to hairs

Question 74

What is the treatment for head lice?

Answer 74

Pediculocidal shampoos, creams, and lotions | Removal of eggs with fine-toothed comb

Question 75

What is the result of epidermal tissue that becomes invaginated into the dermis and becomes encapsulated?

Answer 75

Sebaceous cyst

Question 76

What is the appearance of a sebaceous cyst?

Answer 76

Subcutaneous nodule with inner, cream-colored pasty substance

Question 77

Where are sebaceous cysts most commonly seen?

Answer 77

Scalp, neck, ears, face

Question 78

What is the conventional treatment for sebaceous cysts?

Answer 78

Surgical excision