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Stage 3: FOCP > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What to ask in history of rash - HPC

A
  • Relieving/exacerbating factors
  • Associated symptoms: itch, pain, burning
  • Systemic complaints
  • How long: duration, persistent intermittent
  • Treatments tried to date
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2
Q

Relevant PMH for history of rash

A
  • Diabetes
  • Thyroid
  • Atopic disorders – eczema, asthma, hayfever
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3
Q

What drugs are associated with psoriasis (cardiac, neuro)

A

beta blockers, lithium

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4
Q

Relevant family hx for history of rash

A
  • Atopic disorders

* Skin cancers

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5
Q

What to ask in history of lesion - HPC

A
  • Onset: Initial appearance + evolution, Duration
  • Character: Pain, itch, discharge, bleeding
  • Skin type (Fitzpatrick)
  • UV exposure – sunbeds, occupation, travel
  • History of skin cancer
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6
Q

ABCDE of describing a pigmented lesion

A
  • Asymmetry
  • Border: smooth edge vs craggy
  • Colours: how many
  • Diameter
  • Elevation and evolution
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7
Q

What is a flat discoloured lesion <5mm called

A

Macule

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8
Q

What is a flat discoloured lesion >5mm called

A

Patch

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9
Q

What is a solid elevation <5mm called

A

Papule

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10
Q

What is a solid elevation >5mm called

A

Nodule

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11
Q

What is a clear fluid-filled lesion <5mm called

A

Vesicle

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12
Q

What is a clear fluid-filled lesion >5mm called

A

Bullous (blister)

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13
Q

What is a pus-filled lesion <5mm called

A

Pustule

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14
Q

What is a scaly raised lesion >5mm called

A

Plaque

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15
Q

What autoimmune condition is pyoderma gangrenosum associated with

A

IBD: Crohn’s and Ulcerating Colitis

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16
Q

Describe the Koebner phenomenon.

In which type of pt does it occur most often

A
  • Appearance of linear skin lesions exacerbated by trauma eg scratching, surgery
  • Happens most often in people with psoriasis
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17
Q

Name a dermatological emergency

A

Erythroderma

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18
Q

What skin condition causes target lesions

A

Erythema multiforme

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19
Q

Commonest cause of erythemia multiforme

A

Viral infection

second most common cause is allergy

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20
Q

Which layer of skin does UVA damage

A

Epidermis

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21
Q

Which layer of skin does UVB damage

22
Q

Which layer of skin does infrared damage

Study These Flashcards
A

Deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue

23
Q

What are cherry angiomas

  • in which age group are they more common
  • do they require urgent referral
Study These Flashcards
A

Benign blood vessel lesion

Common in elderly

Benign, harmless

24
Q

What are 3 pre-malignant versions of SCC

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Actinic keratosis
  2. Bowen’s disease
  3. Cutaneous horn
25
What is the pre-malignant version of melanoma
Lentigo maligna
26
What is the pre-malignant version of BCC
BCC does NOT have a pre-cancer version
27
List the skin cancers from the highest grade to lowest
1. Melanoma 2. SCC 3. BCC
28
Main features of BCC
- Slow growing - Pearly translucency with dilated blood vessels running over (telengectasia) - Rolled-edge - Ulcerated
29
Main features of SCC
- Faster growing - Either raised bump or red, scaly skin patch - May have crusty edges or blood - tends to occur on sun-exposed areas
30
Common sites of melanoma - for men - for women
Men: back Women: legs
31
What are common sites for acral lentiginous melanoma
- under nail - palms - soles
32
4 types of exogenous eczema
- irritant - allergic - photodermatitis - dust mite allergy
33
What autoimmune condition is associated with erythema nodosum
IBD (both Crohn's and UC)
34
What other 3 findings might one find in someone who has cutaneous vasculitis (think of other systems associated with microvascular problems)
1. Eye: Roth's spots 2. Kidney: Microscopic haematuria 3. Spleen: Splenomegaly
35
Difference between irritant and allergic eczema - timing - exposure
Irritant: immediate inflammatory reaction, no prior exposure required Allergic: slow reaction, usually after prolonged exposure
36
Difference between type 1 and 4 allergy - cells involved - how to test - timing - result of exposure to allergen
Type 4: - T lymphocyte response - Patch test - Immediate reaction - Can cause anaphylaxis Type 1: - IgE response to soluble antigen - Blood test - Delayed reaction - Causes allergic contact dermatitis
37
Is allergic eczema type 1 or 4 allergy
type 4
38
Is dust mite allergy type 1 or 4 allergy
type 1
39
8 Types of endogenous chronic eczema
1. atopic dermatitis 2. seborrheic dermatitis 3. discoid eczema 4. pompholyx 5. varicose eczema 6. asteatotic eczema 7. lichen simplex chronicus 8. eczema herpeticum
40
Where does eczema tend to present in children
face, flexors
41
Where does eczema tend to present in adults
chest, lower back
42
Risk factors for eczema
- genetics - environment - endogenous (associated with atopy)
43
What is pompholyx
Small stingy blisters on hands and feet which burst and dry up, become vesicles
44
What is asteatotic eczema
Eczema with a fish scale/ mosaic type pattern
45
Where does lichen simplex chronicus tend to occur
inner ankle inner elbow nape of neck
46
What causes eczema herpeticum What is a serious risk of this condition
HSV colonisation on top of eczema Risk of corneal ulceration
47
How to differentiate eczema vs psoriasis - borders - itchiness - appearance - where it occurs
Borders: diffuse (eczema) vs well-defined (psoriasis) Itchiness: Eczema more itchy Appearance: can see scratch marks (eczema) vs white silvery skin (psoriasis) Where: flexor surface (eczema) vs extensor surface (psoriasis)
48
Conditions associated with psoriasis
- psoriatic arthritis - IBD - uveitis - Coeliac's - metabolic syndrome
49
What are the 6 components of metabolic syndrome
1. obesity 2. hypertension 3. high cholesterol 4. gout 5. CVD 6. T2DM
50
pathology of psoriasis: | keratinocytes
- keratinocytes normally take 28 days to migrate to skin surface (enough time to lose stickiness) - take 4 days in psoriasis - keratinocytes still sticky, stick together as plaques
51
What type of psoriasis appears after acute infection eg strep throat
Guttate
52
Describe Fitzpatrick skin types 1-6
TYPE 1: Highly sensitive, always burns, never tans. TYPE 2: Very sun sensitive, burns easily, tans minimally. TYPE 3: Sun sensitive skin, sometimes burns, slowly tans to light brown. TYPE 4: Minimally sun sensitive, burns minimally, always tans to moderate brown. TYPE 5: Sun insensitive skin, rarely burns, tans well. TYPE 6: Sun insensitive, never burns, deeply pigmented.

Stage 3: FOCP (47 decks)

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