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Dermatology Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of bacterial skin infection calls for the use of topical cephalexin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, or dicloxacillin?

A

An S. aureus infection

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2
Q

What kind of skin infection calls for the use of topical penicillin or erythromycin?

A

A perianal streptococcal infection

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3
Q

What kind of skin infection calls for topical treatment with mupirocin, retapamulin, or OTC bacitracin?

A

Impetigo

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4
Q

Impetigo may call for the use of which combination of topical agents?

A

bacitracin and polymyxin B sulfate

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5
Q

What type of antibiotics should be used to treat cellulitis?

A

Systemic antibiotics, sometimes even parenteral before oral

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6
Q

What dermatologic conditions require systemic antibiotics?

A 
moderate to severe impetigo
boils or abcesses
perianal strep
cellulitis
suspected MRSA
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7
Q

What are the first line of topical antibiotics for skin infections?

A

Mupirocin, Retapamulin, and Bacitracin

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8
Q

What are the two medications prescribed when a double antibiotic regimen is called for?

A

bacitracin and polymixin B

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9
Q

What is the problem that many patients face when they are put on the triple topical antibiotic regimen of bacitracin, neomycin, and polymixin B?

A

Many patients develop a sensitivity to neomycin

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10
Q

At what point should an NP prescribe oral antibiotics to a patient with impetigo?

A

When there has been no improvement with topical agents after 2 to 3 days or when there are more than 5 lesions

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11
Q

Which topical antibiotics are effective against S. aureus and S. pyogenes?

A

Cephalexin
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Dicloxacillin

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12
Q

What are the preferred antibiotics when MRSA is suspected?

A

TMP/SMZ

doxycycline

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13
Q

Retapamulin cannot not be administered through which route?

A

intranasally

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14
Q

What topical agents are normally used for a Candida infection?

A

nystatin or clomitrazole

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15
Q

What oral agent is usually used for a Candida infection?

A

fluconazole

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16
Q

What oral agent is usually prescribed for tinea capitis?

A

griseofulvin

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17
Q

Other than an oral antifungal, what treatment is usually prescribed for tinea capitis?

A

A biweekly shampoo with selenium sulfide or ketoconazole

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18
Q

What is onychomycosis and what is the treatment?

A

Fungal infection of the nail; it requires months of systemic antifungal drugs, followed by topical ciclopirox nail laquer.

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19
Q

What are the three main types of systemic antifungals?

A

Griseofulvin
-Azoles
Terbinafine (Lamisil)

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20
Q

What is the pregnancy category of most topical antifungals?

A

Pregnancy category B

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21
Q

What are the drug-drug interactions of topical versus systemic antifungals?

A

Topical have few interactions, while systemic have MANY

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22
Q

When can Gentian violet be used for Candidiasis?

A

It can be used for thrush refractory to -azoles

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23
Q

What antifungals should be used for Candidiasis?

A

Topical -azoles, nystatin

Systemic fluconazole

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24
Q

What antifungals should be used for tinnea capitus?

A

Griseofulvin, Terbinafine

selenium sulfide or ketoconazole shampoo

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25
What antifungals should be used for tinea corporis (ringworm)?
topical -azoles naftifine ciclopirox olamine
26
What antifungals should be used for tinea cruris (jock itch)?
topical -azoles
27
What antifungals should be used for tinea pedis (athlete's foot)?
topical -azoles for 4 weeks
28
What antifungals should be used for tinea versicolor?
selenium sulfide shampoo | topical antifungal
29
What lab value should be carefully monitored in all systemic antifungals?
Liver enzymes
30
What lab values should be monitored when a patient is taking griseofulvin?
Renal, liver, and CBC
31
What lab values should be monitored in a patient taking ketoconazole?
liver function
32
What lab value should be monitored in a patient taking itraconazole?
liver function and electrolytes
33
What labe values should be monitored in a patient taking terbinafine?
liver enzymes and CBC
34
What is the drug of choice for patients with recurrent outbreaks of herpes simplex virus?
famciclovir or valacyclovir
35
Should topical antivirals be used in herpes simplex virus outbreaks?
Not recommended, and only if paired with a systemic antiviral
36
Which acne treatment may cause symptoms to get worse before they get better?
Topical retinoids
37
What is the initial treatment for mild acne?
Benzoyl peroxide, then wait 4 to 6 weeks
38
If mild acne doesn't clear up after 4 to 6 weeks on Benzoyl peroxide, what should be added to the treatment?
A combined topical antibiotic or retinoid
39
If a combined topical antibiotic or retinoid doesn't improve mild to moderate acne within 6 to 8 weeks, what should the NP add to the treatment?
tetracycline (an oral antibiotic)
40
If tetracycline doesn't clear up moderate acne within 6 to 8 weeks, what should the NP try next?
minocycline (a different oral antibiotic)
41
What is the treatment for Rosacea?
topical metronidazole (metro-gel, Noritate)
42
How long does it typically take for acne and Rosacea symptoms to clear up?
6 to 8 weeks
43
What is the drug of choice for acute exacerbations of eczema?
Topical corticosteroids
44
Should oral corticosteroids be prescribed for eczema?
No
45
After topical corticosteroids, what is the second line of preferred drugs for dermatitis?
Immunomodulators such as Pimecrolimus (Elidel) and tacrolimus (Protopic)
46
What is the preferred treatment for diaper dermatitis?
Barrier medications such as white petroleum, zinc oxide
47
What is the pregnancy category of topical immunomodulators such as Elidel and Protopic?
Pregnancy category C
48
Who should not use topical immunomodulators such as Elidel and Protopic?
Children under 2 years old
49
What disease state are Protopic and Elidel used for?
Treatment of atopic dermatitis
50
If an NP does not see improvement in a patient with dermatitis, what should she do?
Check that the patient's technique in applying the medication
51
What systemic medications are traditionally used for the treatment of psoriasis?
Methotrexate Oral retinoids Immunosuppressants Tumor necrosis factor blockers
52
What is the traditional treatment for head lice?
Pyrethrins and Permethrin
53
When should you retreat if there has been no improvement in a case of lice?
1 week
54
What is the treatment for body and pubic lice?
Topical lindane and permethrin
55
Which lice treatment is okay to use in young children and pregnant patients?
Pyrethrins
56
If pyrethrins and permethrin do not remove lice, what is the second line treatment?
Topical lindane
57
Should topical lindane be used in pregnant patients or infants?
No
58
What is the most common medication used for burns in primary care?
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
59
What is the pregnancy category of silver sulfadiazine?
Pregnancy category B
60
What is a major ADR of silver sulfadiazine?
leukopenia can occur in up to 20% of patients
61
What is an alternative burn treatment to silver sulfadiazine?
Bacitracin
62
If a patient with alopecia androgenetica discontinues his treatment of topical minoxidil, what will happen?
Their hair will shed in 3 to 4 months
63
How long does treatment of alopecia androgenetica take with topical minoxidil?
Full treatment effect takes 6 to 12 months
64
With whom is topical minoxidil contraindicated?
In patients with hepatic disfunction and elevated PSA
65
What is the pregnancy category of topical monoxidil?
Pregnancy category X
66
What is a possible ADR in patients who take topical monoxidil?
Dermatitis
67
What is a possible side effect in patients who take finasteride for alopecia androgenetica?
sexual dysfunction

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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