Dermatology Flashcards
ARE YOU STILL WITH ME? (95 cards)
1
Q
What is the leading cause for dry skin?
A
Towels
2
Q
What get wet while it drys?
A
Towels
3
Q
What has a dry sense of humour?
A
Me… and towels
4
Q
What conditions are included in “atopy”?
A
Eczema Rhinitis Asthma
5
Q
Describe an Acne lesion?
A
Steroids
6
Q
Describe a Macule lesion?
A
Flat <10mm
7
Q
Describe a Patch lesion?
A
Flat >10mm
8
Q
Describe a Plaque lesion?
A
Elevated or depressed >10mm
9
Q
Describe a Papule lesion?
A
Elevated or depressed < 10mm
10
Q
Describe a Nodule lesion?
A
Firm Extending into the dermis
11
Q
Describe a Vesicle lesion?
A
Elevated Fluid filled <10mm
12
Q
Describe a Pustules lesion?
A
Elevated Puss filled >10mm
13
Q
Describe a Bulla lesions?
A
Elevated Clear fluid blister <10mm
14
Q
Describe a targatoid lesion?
A
Coin shaped with central duskiness
15
Q
Describe a Reticulate lesion?
A
Lesions in a net like pattern
16
Q
Describe a Lichenfied lesion?
A
Increased thickening of the skin
17
Q
Describe a Excoriated lesion?
A
Partial or complete loss of epidermis
18
Q
What symptom are typical of Eczema?
A
Itchy dry lesion in a flexor distribution and on cheeks in children. Onset <2 years with other feature of atopy
19
Q
What Endogenous types of Eczema are there?
A
Atopic Varicose Seborrhoeic
20
Q
What exogenous types of eczema are there?
A
Photodermatitis Contact irritant eczema Contact allergic eczema
21
Q
How is Eczema with a infection treated?
A
Topical treatment of Fucidin H cream BD
22
Q
What is Eczema herpeticum?
A
Worsening Eczema caused by herpes simplex virus
23
Q
What is the 1st line treatments for eczema?
A
Topicals- emollients, creams etc.
24
Q
What is the 2nd line treatment for eczema?
A
steroids Calcineurin inhibitors
25
What are Calcineurin inhibitors?
Suppress T cel responce, are often use to avoid SE of long term steroids
26
What is the last line of therapy for eczema?
Systemic steroids or immunosuppresion.
27
Is phototherapy effective in eczema?
Yes, used for severe or resistant eczema
28
What questions should be asked about a rash?
- Duration - Temporal pattern - Distribution - Associated symptoms - Exacerbation and relieving factors
29
What is erythrodermic eczema?
Covering more than 90% of the body
30
What can cause erythrodermic eczema?
Withdraw of steroid 2nd to infection Psychological stress Contact dermatitis
31
What is the most common type of psoriasis?
Chronic plaque psoriasis
32
What psoriasis occurs after strep. throat?
Guttate psoriases, can progress CPP
33
What can trigger psoriasis?
Infection Stress Durgs - alcohol, abx
34
Is there a genetic component to psoriasis?
Yes T 1 - \<40yo 75% of patens T2 - 1st time 55-60, 25% of patient
35
What factors are involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis?
- Epidermal hyperplasia - Angiogenesis - T cell infiltration - TNF-a
36
What is the Auspitz sign?
Removal of scales reveals pin prick bleeding points under the skin
37
What is the likely diagnosis?
**Eczema herpeticum**
## Footnote
- rapid progression
- Paingul
- Eroded punched out lesion
- vesicles
- fever
38
What type of lesion is...
**Macule**
## Footnote
- flat
- \< 10 mm
39
What type of lesion is...
**Plaque (psoriasis)**
- \>10mm
40
What type of lesion is...
**Vesicle (herpes --\> genital warts)**
## Footnote
- fluid
- \< 10mm
41
What type of lesion is...
**Bulla**
## Footnote
- \> 10mm
- Fluid filled
42
What type of lesion is...
**Macule**
## Footnote
- flat
- \<10mm
This is petechiae - bleeding from small blood vessels
43
What type of Eczema is this?
**Seborrhoeic dermatitis**
44
What is the typical dystribution of Chronic plaque psoriasis?
- Scalp
- Genitalia and nasal cleft
- Extensor surfaces on knees and elbows
45
What is the diagnosis of this...
**Guttate Psoriasis**
## Footnote
- Small ping plaques
- more commonnin younger patients
- progresses to CCP
46
What can precede psoriatic skin lesions?
Psoriatic Arthropathy precede Psoriasis in around 50% of paitients
47
What type od psoraisis might this be?
**Erythrodermic psoraisis**
## Footnote
No clearly defined plaques
Covers \> 90% of body
Hypotension --\> IV fluids
48
What type of psoriasis can be trigger by cessation of steroid therapy?
**Generalised Pustular Psoraisis**
## Footnote
Medical emergency
49
When suspecting Psoriasis, what other conditions maybe in the diferential diagnosis?
Lichen Planus
Atopic Eczema
Suborrhoeic dematitis
50
What is lichen planus?
Plaques of hyperkeratotic, hyperpigmentsed, flat and rough
Chronic inflammatory condition
Self resolved however topical steroids and emolient to treat.
51
What is suborrhoeic dermatitis?
Inflammation of the subeceous glands
Treated with antifungals and steroids
52
What medication can trigger psoriasis
B-blockers
NSAIDS
Lithium
53
What stigmata of psoriasis may be present on the nails?
Onycholysis
Oil spots
Pitting oedema
54
What is the main disease to diffentiate from Acne Vulgaris?
Rosecea - has facial flushing, more localised, no comadones
Treatment with topical steroids and abx
55
What is the APSEA?
Acne psochological and social affects of acne score
56
What is Isotrtinoin and when is it used for Acne vulgaris?
A oral retinoid (vit A). Used after 3 months of PO abx and topical retinoid fails to treat acne vulgaris.
57
What SE are there to isotetrinoin?
Teratrogenic - Fertile female have to be pregnanc tested every 4/12
Low mood
58
What sytemic therapies are there fore eczema and psoriasis?
**M**ethotrexate
**A**ziothioprine (eczema), **A**citretin (psoriasis)
**C**yclosporin
59
What monitoring is inluded with methotrexate?
3/12 LFT and FBC (panycytopenia)
Folate supplimentation
60
What monitoring is needed with cyclosporin?
HTN
Renal finction
Hypertrichosis - abnormal hair growth
61
When perscibing topical steroids what dose should be used?
FTU - finger tip unit/
In dosage box write: "**As per finger tip unit**"
62
What is this and what disease might it indicate?
**Acantosis nigricans**
## Footnote
Most commonly: gastric cancer
Also: DM, Cushings and PCOS
63
What is this skin lesion?
Erythematous papules which are painful no central clearing
**Erythema nodosum**
## Footnote
Can be due to:
Post-strep infection
IBD
TB
Viral
Sarcoid
OCP
NSIADS
64
What is this skin lesion
65
Describe tinea corporis, and what causes them?
Ring worm raised lesion which is centrally spared.
Caused by dermatifit - a fungus which grows under the skin
66
What is the most common skin cancers?
1st Basal cell carincoma
2n Squamous cell carcinoma
67
What scale is used to classify skin colour?
Fitzpatrick skin types
68
What precancerous skin lesion are there?
Bowens disease
Actin keratosis
69
What are these lesions called?
Actinic keratosis
Precancerous and a chance to develope into SCC. Due to UV exposer
70
What are these lesions called?
Bowens disease
Squamous sell carcinoma in situ
71
What is this lesion?
Basal cell carcinoma
Pearly, rolled edge +/- talengecia
72
How is bowens disease treated?
Surgery
Cryotherapy
Topical chemotherapy
72
treatment of infected eczema
fucidin h cream. antibiotics with mild potency to treat secondary infection and eczema
73
What is the treatment for a suspected melanoma?
Excision
73
eczema- grouped vesicles, rapidly worsening painful, eroded punched out lesions, fever
eczema herpeticum
74
What prognostic tool can be used from histology of a melanoma?
Breslow thickness, the depth of the melaoma in the epidermis
74
complications of eczema herpeticum
encephalitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis
75
Prurigo
intense itchy papules and nodules
75
first eczema treatment
bath additives, emollients, creams, ointments
76
76
psoriatic nail changes
erythema, pitting, hyperkeratosis, ocholysis
77
itchy rash, purple/red bumps. shiny patches
lichen planus
78
small pink plaques on trunk after infection
guttate psoriasis
79
psoriasis over 90% of body. skin is red, hot and painful, pt is unwell
erythrodermic psoriasis
80
treatment of psoriasis
emollient, soap substitute, vit d analogue
81
severe psoriasis treatment
phototherapy, non bios eg methotreate
82
hirsutism. obesity, acne, menstrual irregularities
PCOS
83
treatment of acne
topical retinoidstopical antibioticsphototherapyoral abxretinoids
84
indictions for isotretinoin
moderate acne unresponsive to other therapy, severe acne, scarring, psychological impact,
85
risk factors for BCC
chronic sun exposure, fitzpatrick skin tye 1 and 2, chemicals, immunosuppression, gorlins syndrome
86
risk factors for SCC
chronic sun exposure, fitzpatrick skin tye 1 and 2, chemicals, immunosuppression, cigarettes, chronic ulcers, xeroderma pigmentosum
87
premalignant lesions
actinitic/solar keratoses, bowens disease
88
ABCDE of melanoma
asymmetry ,border irregularity, colour variation, diameter, evolution
89
itching without rash
pruritis
90
widespread rash
neurological psychogenic, thyroid disease, pancreas problems, adrenal problems, GI (cholestasis), inflam ,infection, malignancy (hodgkins lymphoma, AML, CML, ALL, CLL)
