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Assessment > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

impetigo contagiosa

etiology

A

Caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) or staphylococcus aureus (can be a combination) Highly infectious and spread through close contact

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2
Q

impetigo contagiosa

signs and symptoms

A

Mild itching and soreness followed by eruption of small vesicles and pustules that rupture and crust
Generally develops in body folds subject to friction

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3
Q

impetigo contagiosa

treatment

A

Cleansing and topical antibacterial agents

Systemic antibiotics

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4
Q

folliculitis

etiology

A

Inflammation of hair follicle
Most often caused by staphylococcus aureus
Begins as thin, yellowish-white pustules with a hair in the center (can present with a narrow red areola around the pustules)
Occurs most often around the scalp, buttocks, back of head and extremities although in men it can occur around the face and neck.
Moist warm environment and mechanical occlusion contribute to condition

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5
Q

folliculitis

signs and symptoms

A

Redness around follicle followed by development of papule or pustule at the hair follicle
Followed by development of crust that sloughs off with the hair
Deeper infection may cause scarring and alopecia (loss of hair) in that area

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6
Q

folliculitis

treatment

A

Management is much like impetigo
Moist heat is used to increase circulation
Antibiotics can also be used depending on the condition

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7
Q

furunculosis

etiology

A

Deep infection of hair follicle resulting in pustule formation
More severe form of folliculitis

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8
Q

furunculosis

signs and symptoms

A

Pustule that becomes reddened and enlarged as well as hard from internal pressure
Pain and tenderness increase with pressure
Most will mature and rupture

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9
Q

furunculosis

treatment

A

Care involves protection from additional irritation
Referral to physician for antibiotics
Keep athlete from contact with other team members while boil is draining

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10
Q

carbuncles

etiology

A

Deeper, more serious lesion arising from more than one hair follicle

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11
Q

carbuncles

signs and symptoms

A

Larger and deeper than furuncle and has several openings in the skin
May produce fever and elevation of WBC count
Starts hard and red and over a few days emerges into a lesion that discharges yellowish pus

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12
Q

carbuncles

treatment

A

Surgical drainage combined with the administration of antibiotics
Warm compress is applied to promote circulation

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13
Q

acne vulgaris

etiology

A

Inflammatory disease of the hair follicle and the sebaceous glands (pilosebaceous unit) commonly affecting the face, chest, and back
Believed to be caused by the hyperkeratinization (thickening of the horny layers of skin – Vitamin A deficiency) of the hair follicle causing follicullar plugging trapping propionibacterium acnes
Sex hormones may contribute

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14
Q

acne vulgaris

signs and symptoms

A

Present with whiteheads, blackheads, flesh or red colored papules, pustules or cysts
May scare if chronic and deep
Psychological impact

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15
Q

acne vulgaris

treatment

A

Can be very challenging to treat
Topical and systemic agents used to treat acne
Mild soaps are recommended

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16
Q

paronychia and onychia

etiology

A

Caused by staph, strep, and/or fungal organisms that accompany contamination of open wounds or hangnails
Damage to cuticle puts finger at risk

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17
Q

paronychia and onychia

signs and symptoms

A

Rapid onset; painful with bright red swelling of proximal and lateral fold of nail
Accumulation of purulent material w/in nail fold

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18
Q

paronychia and onychia

treatment

A

Soak finger or toe in hot solution of Epsom salt 3 times daily
Topical antibiotics, systemic antibiotics if severe
May require pus removal through skin incision

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19
Q

cellulitis

etiology

A

An acute, spreading inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue usually produced by a bacteria (strep and/or staph)
May be caused by fungi and viruses as well

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20
Q

cellulitis

signs and symptoms

A

Red, hot, swollen, and tender localized area with diffuse margins
Person may have systemic s/s including fever, chills, and malaise

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21
Q

cellulitis

treatment

A

Antibiotics (may require hospitalization)
Bedrest
Elevation of the involved extremity
Mark the margins of the cellulitis in order to track progression or regression

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22
Q

tinea capitis

signs and symptoms

A

Ringworm of the scalp begins as a small papule that spreads peripherally
Appears as small grayish scales resulting in scattered balding
Easily spread through close physical contact

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23
Q

tinea corporis

treatment

A

Topical antifungal cream

Oral antifungal agent may be indicated

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24
Q

tinea cruris

etiology

A

Symmetric red-brown scaling plaque with snake-like border

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25
Q

tinea cruris

signs and symptoms

A

Mild to moderate itching

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26
Q

tinea cruris

treatment

A

Treat until cured
Will respond to many of the non-prescription medications
Failure to respond to normal management may suggest a non-fungal problem (such as bacteria) and should be referred to a physician
May require additional topical medications and oral prescriptions

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27
Q

tinea pedis

etiology

A

Most common form of superficial fungal infection
Tricophyton species are most common cause of athlete’s foot
Webs of toes may become infected by a combination of yeast and dermatophytes

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28
Q

tinea pedis

signs and symptoms

A

Extreme itching on soles of feet, between and on top of toes
Appears as dry scaling patch or inflammatory scaling red papules forming larger plaques
May develop secondary infection from itching and bacteria

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29
Q

tinea pedis

treatment

A

Topical antifungal agents and good foot hygiene

30
Q

tinea versicolor

etilogy

A

Is a noncontagious, chronically relapsing, superficial fungal infection caused by the yeast Mallassezia furfur

31
Q

tinea versicolor

signs and symptoms

A

Characterized by scaling macules on the trunk and is more prevalent in warmer climates during the summer

32
Q

tinea versicolor

treatment

A 
Topical antifungals (selenium sulfide: Selsun blue)
Oral antifungals if indicated
33
Q

varicella

etiology

A

Caused by the varicella-zoster virus and has a incubation period of about 14 to 21 days

34
Q

varicella

signs and symptoms

A

Characterized by “teardrop” vesicles on an erythematous base that erupt. Lesions quickly become pustular and then crust

35
Q

varicella

treatment

A

Topical antipruritic lotions, oatmeal baths, and wearing light colored clothing. May use Acyclovir therapy if problematic such as in immunosuppressed individuals

36
Q

Herpes Simplex Labialis, Gladiatorum, and Herpes Zoster

etiology

A

Highly contagious and is usually transmitted directly through a lesion in the skin or mucous membrane
Resides in sensory nerve neurilemmal sheath following initial outbreak
Recurrent attacks stimulated by sunlight, emotional disturbances, illness, fatigue, or infection

37
Q

Herpes Simplex Labialis, Gladiatorum, and Herpes Zoster

signs and symptoms

A

Early indication = tingling or hypersensitivity in an infected area 24 hours prior to appearance of lesions
Local swelling followed by outbreak of vesicles
Athlete may feel ill w/ headache, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and pain in area of lesions
Vesicles generally rupture in 1-3 days spilling serous material
Heal in generally 10-14 days
If an athlete has an outbreak they should be disqualified from competition due to contagious nature of condition

38
Q

Herpes Simplex Labialis, Gladiatorum, and Herpes Zoster

treatment

A

Herpes simplex lesions are self limiting - reduce pain and promote early healing
Use of antiviral drugs can reduce recurrence and shorten course of outbreak

39
Q

verruca vulgaris

etiology

A

Different types of human papillomavirus have been identified

40
Q

verruca plana

signs and symptoms

A

Small, round, elevated papules with rough dry surfaces
Painful if pressure is applied
May be subject to secondary bacterial infection

41
Q

verruca plana

signs and symptoms

A

If vulnerable, they should be protected until treated by a physician
Use of electrocautery, topical salicylic acid, or liquid nitrogen are common means of managing this condition

42
Q

verruca plantaris

etiology

A

Spread through papilloma virus

43
Q

verruca plantaris

signs and symptoms

A

Located on sole of foot, on or adjacent to areas of abnormal weight bearing
Areas of excessive epidermal thickening
Discomfort, point tenderness
Hemorrhagic puncta (black seeds)

44
Q

verruca plantaris

treatment

A

While in competition, protect and prevent spreading
Pair away callus and apply a keratolytic (40% salicylic acid plaster)
Following season, wart can be removed by freezing it or by electrodessication (maintain protection until removal)

45
Q

molluscum contagiosum

etiology

A

Poxvirus (A large DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells) infection which is more contagious than warts (especially during direct body contact)

46
Q

molluscum contagiosum

signs and symptoms

A

Small, flesh, or red colored, smooth-domed papules with central umbilication

47
Q

molluscum contagiosum

treatment

A

Physician referral is necessary

Cleansing and destructive procedure (counterirritant such as cantharidin, surgical removal or cryosurgery)

48
Q

contact dermatitis

etiology

A

Plants are the most common cause (poison ivy, poison oak, sumac, ragweed, primrose)
Topical medications
Chemicals found in fragrances and preservatives of soaps, detergents

49
Q

contact dermatitis

signs and symptoms

A

Onset may range from 1 day to 1 week
Redness, swelling, formation of vesicles that ooze fluid and form crust, constant itching
May change from redness and blistering to erythematous scaling, lichenified papules, and plaques

50
Q

contact dermatitis

treatment

A

Avoid allergen

Tap water compresses or soaks, topical corticosteroids

51
Q

atopic dermatitis

etiology

A

Not understood, but believed to be hereditary having a immunological origin

52
Q

atopic dermatitis

signs and symptoms

A

Pruritius, erythematous, and edematous papules and plaques often showing crusting

53
Q

atopic dermatitis

treatment

A

Emollients, topical steroids (hydrocortisone), and in severe cases oral steroids

54
Q

interigo

etiology

A

Inflammation of body folds often due to chafing together of the warm, moist skin especially in those overweight or diabetic
May become infected with bacteria or yeast

55
Q

interigo

signs and symptoms

A

Red, raw looking skin that may itch, ooze, or be a little sore
Usually located in the inner thighs, armpits, or underside of breasts or belly

56
Q

interigo

treatment

A

Yeast or bacterial infections can be treated with oral or topical medications
Keep area dry and exposed to air
May use powders and cotton fabrics to help absorb sweat

57
Q

psoriasis

etiology

A

Exact cause is unknown – genetic factors may play a role in condition
Infection, smoking, some drugs and possible hormonal factors may cause an outbreak

58
Q

psoriasis

signs and symptoms

A

Lesion begins as reddish papules that progress to plaques
Lesions progress to yellowish white scaly condition that tends to be located on the elbows, knees, trunk, genitalia, and umbilicus

59
Q

psoriasis

treatment

A

Teaching patient self management
Glucocorticoids and kerolytic agents can be used in conjunction with each other
Long term oral medications may be necessary
Counseling may be necessary for psychological aspects of condition

60
Q

sebaceous cyst

etiology

A

Also known as an epidermal cyst caused when sebum release is blocked from escaping the sebaceous gland
It is a collection of keratin-like material, usually white, cheesy, or firm, contain in a cyst wall, which normally appears as a small, nontender lump under the skin
Generally benign and left alone unless they are cosmetically unacceptable or if they get infected

61
Q

sebaceous cyst

signs and symptoms

A

Can occur on any skin surface, but are common on the face, back or base of ears, chest, and back
If infected it can be red, swollen, hot, and painful

62
Q

sebaceous cyst

treatment

A

If infected, it can be treated with antibiotics and then excised when it is not inflamed
Otherwise it is often ignored

63
Q

scabies

etiology

A

Caused by mites which cause extreme nocturnal itching (tunnels and lays eggs)

64
Q

scabies

signs and symptoms

A

Appear as dark lines between fingers and toes, body flexures, nipples, and genitalia
Excoriations, pustules, and papules caused by itching tends to hide true cause
Skin develops hypersensitivity to the mite

65
Q

scabies

treatment

A

Permethrin 5% is treatment of choice
Washing of bedding and clothes is necessary
Topical corticosteroids may be necessary to treat itching

66
Q

skin carcinomas

etiology

A

Repeated overexposure to the sun’s ultraviolet ray’s (OR tanning beds)
Most common is basal cell carcinomas that arise from the basal cell layer of the epidermis or hair follicles

67
Q

skin carcinomas

signs and symptoms

A

Lesions may appear any place on body, but more common in sun-exposed areas such as face, neck, back, ears, forearms, and back of hands
Both are painless
Basal cell carcinoma appear as a smooth, small, waxy nodule that appears translucent
Squamous cell carcinoma are characterized by a firm, red nodule with visible scales
Both often ulcerate and form a crust

68
Q

skin carcinomas

treatment

A 
Complete eradication of the lesion
Size, shape, location, and invasiveness will determine the treatment
Surgery (90% of cases)
Radiation therapy
Electrodesiccation
Cryosurgery
Laser therapy
69
Q

malignant melanoma

etiology

A

Neoplasm composed of abnormal melanocytes appearing in both the epidermis and dermis believed to be caused by overexposure to ultraviolet rays
People with fair complexions more at risk

70
Q

malignant melanoma

signs and symptoms

A

Characterized by lesions having irregular borders and diverse in color
Each type has specific characteristics

71
Q

malignant melanoma

treatment

A

Level of invasion and measure of the melanoma’s thickness will determine the appropriate treatment
Surgical excision of the lesion is most common
May have to remove nearby lymph nodes
Chemotherapy may be recommended

Assessment (5 decks)

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