Dermatology Flashcards

Question

tinea cruris | signs and symptoms

Answer 1

Mild to moderate itching

Answer 2

Treat until cured Will respond to many of the non-prescription medications Failure to respond to normal management may suggest a non-fungal problem (such as bacteria) and should be referred to a physician May require additional topical medications and oral prescriptions

Answer 3

Most common form of superficial fungal infection Tricophyton species are most common cause of athlete’s foot Webs of toes may become infected by a combination of yeast and dermatophytes

Answer 4

Extreme itching on soles of feet, between and on top of toes Appears as dry scaling patch or inflammatory scaling red papules forming larger plaques May develop secondary infection from itching and bacteria

Answer 5

Topical antifungal agents and good foot hygiene

Answer 6

Is a noncontagious, chronically relapsing, superficial fungal infection caused by the yeast Mallassezia furfur

Answer 7

Characterized by scaling macules on the trunk and is more prevalent in warmer climates during the summer

Answer 8

``` Topical antifungals (selenium sulfide: Selsun blue) Oral antifungals if indicated ```

Answer 9

Caused by the varicella-zoster virus and has a incubation period of about 14 to 21 days

Answer 10

Characterized by “teardrop” vesicles on an erythematous base that erupt. Lesions quickly become pustular and then crust

Answer 11

Topical antipruritic lotions, oatmeal baths, and wearing light colored clothing. May use Acyclovir therapy if problematic such as in immunosuppressed individuals

Answer 12

Highly contagious and is usually transmitted directly through a lesion in the skin or mucous membrane Resides in sensory nerve neurilemmal sheath following initial outbreak Recurrent attacks stimulated by sunlight, emotional disturbances, illness, fatigue, or infection

Answer 13

Early indication = tingling or hypersensitivity in an infected area 24 hours prior to appearance of lesions Local swelling followed by outbreak of vesicles Athlete may feel ill w/ headache, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and pain in area of lesions Vesicles generally rupture in 1-3 days spilling serous material Heal in generally 10-14 days If an athlete has an outbreak they should be disqualified from competition due to contagious nature of condition

Answer 14

Herpes simplex lesions are self limiting - reduce pain and promote early healing Use of antiviral drugs can reduce recurrence and shorten course of outbreak

Answer 15

Different types of human papillomavirus have been identified

Answer 16

Small, round, elevated papules with rough dry surfaces Painful if pressure is applied May be subject to secondary bacterial infection

Answer 17

If vulnerable, they should be protected until treated by a physician Use of electrocautery, topical salicylic acid, or liquid nitrogen are common means of managing this condition

Answer 18

Spread through papilloma virus

Answer 19

Located on sole of foot, on or adjacent to areas of abnormal weight bearing Areas of excessive epidermal thickening Discomfort, point tenderness Hemorrhagic puncta (black seeds)

Answer 20

While in competition, protect and prevent spreading Pair away callus and apply a keratolytic (40% salicylic acid plaster) Following season, wart can be removed by freezing it or by electrodessication (maintain protection until removal)

Answer 21

Poxvirus (A large DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells) infection which is more contagious than warts (especially during direct body contact)

Answer 22

Small, flesh, or red colored, smooth-domed papules with central umbilication

Answer 23

Physician referral is necessary | Cleansing and destructive procedure (counterirritant such as cantharidin, surgical removal or cryosurgery)

Answer 24

Plants are the most common cause (poison ivy, poison oak, sumac, ragweed, primrose) Topical medications Chemicals found in fragrances and preservatives of soaps, detergents

Answer 25

Onset may range from 1 day to 1 week Redness, swelling, formation of vesicles that ooze fluid and form crust, constant itching May change from redness and blistering to erythematous scaling, lichenified papules, and plaques

Answer 26

Avoid allergen | Tap water compresses or soaks, topical corticosteroids

Answer 27

Not understood, but believed to be hereditary having a immunological origin

Answer 28

Pruritius, erythematous, and edematous papules and plaques often showing crusting

Answer 29

Emollients, topical steroids (hydrocortisone), and in severe cases oral steroids

Answer 30

Inflammation of body folds often due to chafing together of the warm, moist skin especially in those overweight or diabetic May become infected with bacteria or yeast

Answer 31

Red, raw looking skin that may itch, ooze, or be a little sore Usually located in the inner thighs, armpits, or underside of breasts or belly

Answer 32

Yeast or bacterial infections can be treated with oral or topical medications Keep area dry and exposed to air May use powders and cotton fabrics to help absorb sweat

Answer 33

Exact cause is unknown -- genetic factors may play a role in condition Infection, smoking, some drugs and possible hormonal factors may cause an outbreak

Answer 34

Lesion begins as reddish papules that progress to plaques Lesions progress to yellowish white scaly condition that tends to be located on the elbows, knees, trunk, genitalia, and umbilicus

Answer 35

Teaching patient self management Glucocorticoids and kerolytic agents can be used in conjunction with each other Long term oral medications may be necessary Counseling may be necessary for psychological aspects of condition

Answer 36

Also known as an epidermal cyst caused when sebum release is blocked from escaping the sebaceous gland It is a collection of keratin-like material, usually white, cheesy, or firm, contain in a cyst wall, which normally appears as a small, nontender lump under the skin Generally benign and left alone unless they are cosmetically unacceptable or if they get infected

Answer 37

Can occur on any skin surface, but are common on the face, back or base of ears, chest, and back If infected it can be red, swollen, hot, and painful

Answer 38

If infected, it can be treated with antibiotics and then excised when it is not inflamed Otherwise it is often ignored

Answer 39

Caused by mites which cause extreme nocturnal itching (tunnels and lays eggs)

Answer 40

Appear as dark lines between fingers and toes, body flexures, nipples, and genitalia Excoriations, pustules, and papules caused by itching tends to hide true cause Skin develops hypersensitivity to the mite

Answer 41

Permethrin 5% is treatment of choice Washing of bedding and clothes is necessary Topical corticosteroids may be necessary to treat itching

Answer 42

Repeated overexposure to the sun’s ultraviolet ray’s (OR tanning beds) Most common is basal cell carcinomas that arise from the basal cell layer of the epidermis or hair follicles

Answer 43

Lesions may appear any place on body, but more common in sun-exposed areas such as face, neck, back, ears, forearms, and back of hands Both are painless Basal cell carcinoma appear as a smooth, small, waxy nodule that appears translucent Squamous cell carcinoma are characterized by a firm, red nodule with visible scales Both often ulcerate and form a crust

Answer 44

``` Complete eradication of the lesion Size, shape, location, and invasiveness will determine the treatment Surgery (90% of cases) Radiation therapy Electrodesiccation Cryosurgery Laser therapy ```

Answer 45

Neoplasm composed of abnormal melanocytes appearing in both the epidermis and dermis believed to be caused by overexposure to ultraviolet rays People with fair complexions more at risk

Answer 46

Characterized by lesions having irregular borders and diverse in color Each type has specific characteristics

Answer 47

Level of invasion and measure of the melanoma’s thickness will determine the appropriate treatment Surgical excision of the lesion is most common May have to remove nearby lymph nodes Chemotherapy may be recommended

Dermatology Flashcards

(71 cards)