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MSK > Dermatology - Basics + Red Scaly > Flashcards

Dermatology - Basics + Red Scaly Flashcards

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1
Q

Macule

A

Altered colour, flat, texture normal

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2
Q

Papule

A

Less than 5mm, raised

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3
Q

Nodule

A

> 5 mm raised

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4
Q

Plaque

A

Altered texture

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5
Q

Vesicles

A

Small blisters

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6
Q

Bullae

A

Large blisters

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7
Q

Pustule

A

Collection of leukocytes

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8
Q

Sclerosis

A

Excess fibrous tissue, loss of elasticity, hair, sweat glands

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9
Q

Lichenification

A

Leathery texture

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10
Q
A

Psoriasis - silvery scales, well circumscribed

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11
Q
A

Psoriasis
Well-circumscribed + silvery

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12
Q

What causes psoriasis?

A

Genetics, triggers = stress, trauma, drugs (B-blockers, lithium)

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13
Q

What is lateral onycholysis + indicative of?

A

Lifting of nail off bed at lateral margins - fairly specific for psoriasis

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14
Q

What phenomenon is this?

A

Koebner phenomenon - psoriasis in damaged areas (e.g. sunburn, scars)

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15
Q

What conditions are associated with psoriasis?

A

Joint disease, eye infections, CVS disease, obesity, HTN, diabetes, depression

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16
Q

What is inverse psoriasis?

A

On the flexures (e.g. in armpits), typically no silvery scale

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17
Q

How to treat psoriasis?

A

mild steroid creams
stronger for short-term use
Ointments
Methotrexate
Biologicals - very restricted use for severe, unresponsive

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18
Q
A

Seborrheic dermatitis

Red, greasy scale. May be itchy

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19
Q

What is the pathology behind seborrheic dermatitis?

A

abnormal inflammatory response to a yeast (Malassezia).

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20
Q

How to treat sebberhoic dermatitis?

A

Topical steroids, antifungals

NB does not cure only suppresses

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21
Q
A

Pityriasis rosea

Arrows = peeling ring of scale

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22
Q

How to treat pityriasis rosea?

A

Normally resolves in about 6 weeks. Normally just one episode.

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23
Q
A

Pityriasis rosea

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24
Q

What is a Herald Patch?

A

A single, larger patch of Pityriasis rosea at the beginning

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25
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)
26
DLE
27
Discoid lupus following sun exposure, with hyperpigmentation
28
DLE
29
How to diagnose DLE?
By biopsy (histology + direct immunofluorescence) ANA negative usually
30
DLE
31
How to treat DLE
Steroids e.g. betamethasone Sun protection +++ Hydroxycholoquine Topical retinoids
32
Scarring alopecia of DLE
33
Bowen's disease (SCC in situ)
34
Where is Bowen's disease most commonly?
Legs! 75%
35
Risk of invasive SCC from Bowen's?
3-5%
36
Fungal infection in scalp --> alopecia
37
In which population. is scalp fungal infection most common?
Children 3-7
38
Fungal infection
39
Fungal infection involving toe
40
Fungal infections
41
Fungal infection + folliculitis
42
Fungal infection
43
What is erythroderma?
Inflammatory skin disease involving almost all. ofthe skin. Feel hot, loss of hair, nail changes, fluid loss Fatal 10-40%, especially elderly
44
What are the most common causes of erythroderma?
Eczema, psoriasis, malignancy
45
What is this? what would you want to exclude?
Erythroderma. Biopsy to exclude cutaneous lymphoma.
46
How to treat erythreoderma?
Monitor fluid balance, moisturiser, systemic steroid (NOT PSORIASIS - use acitretin instead), methotrexate, azathioprine,
47
Asteatotic eczema
48
Eczema (discoid)/nummular
49
Chronic actinic dermatitis/eczema | PROETCT FROM SUNNNN
50
Varicose eczema
51
Lichen simplex chronicus
52
Dermatitis. When in flexures = intertrigo
53
Dermatitis Can have secondary infection e.g. fungus. orbacteria
54
Vesicular dermatitis/dishydrotic eczema
55
Atopic dermatitis
56
Atopic dermatitis + lichenification
57
Atopic dermatitis
58
Atopic dermatitis
59
Contact irritant dermatitis
60
Contact allergic dermatitis
61
What are common allergies?
Nickel, fragrances, hair dye etc
62
ADRs steroids. for eczema
skin thinning, fragility, rebound symptoms
63
Irregular hyperkeratosis
Bowen's disease
64
Peripheral collarette of scale
Pityriasis rosea
65
Fissure of discoid eczema
66
Annular
= ring shaped, prob fungal
67
DLE is common in.......
Maori. +Pacific
68
Dermascopic appearance of Bowen's - irregular clusters of red dots (in psoriasiss it is uniform)
69
How to differentiate eczema + psoriasis on palms
Hard! Blisters = eczema, fuzzy borders, papules Eczema can. be weepy
70

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