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dermatology > Dermatology - lesion terminology > Flashcards

Dermatology - lesion terminology Flashcards

https://dermnetnz.org/topics/terminology https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/the25/dermatology.html

1
Q

pustule
-define

A

pus containing bubble

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2
Q

macule
- define shape and size

A

small spot, not palpable
<1cm

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3
Q

patch
- define shape and size

A

large spot, not palpable
>1cm

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4
Q

papule
- define shape and size

A
  • superficial bump
  • palpable, elevated
  • <1cm
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5
Q

plaque
- define shape and size

A

large superficial bump, elevated, >1cm

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6
Q

nodule
- define shape and size

A
  • palpable elevated bump
  • significant deep component
  • < 1cm
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7
Q

tumor (skin)
- define shape and size

A

large bump
significant deep component
> 1cm

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8
Q

vesicle (skin)
- define shape and size

A

small
fluid filled bubble
superficial
< 0.5cm

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9
Q

bulla
- define shape and size

A

large
fluid filled bubble
can be superficial or deep
> 0.5cm

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10
Q

cyst (skin)
- definition

A

sac containing fluid or semisolid material of cells, or cell products

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11
Q

scale (skin)
- define
- what skin layer is affected

A
  • accumulation or excess shedding of stratum corneum
  • indicates epidermal involvement
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12
Q

crust (skin)
- define
- what fluids it come from

A
  • dried exudate on skin surface.
  • Can be blood, serum or pus
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13
Q

excoriation (skin)
- define

A

loss of skin surface due to scratching or picking

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14
Q

lichenification (skin)
- define

A

think leathery; its thick and dry, and the skin lines stick out way more
increased prominence of skin lines and creases, from chronic rubbing

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15
Q

maceration (skin)
- define, describe its characteristics

A

water-logged skin
- appears whitish, somewhat swollen, wrinkling and is softer than regular skin

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16
Q

fissure (skin)
- define

A

linear crack in skin

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17
Q

erosion (epithelium)
- define

A
  • superficial open wound
  • loss affects epidermis or mucosa only
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18
Q

ulcer (epithelium)
- define

A
  • deep open wound
  • partial or complete loss of dermis / submucosa
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19
Q

wheals, hives
- define

A

short-lived oedematous, well circumscribed papule or plaque

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20
Q

burrow (skin)
- define

A

-small, threadlike, ‘curvilinear’ papule
-pathognomic of scabies

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21
Q

open vs closed comedoes
- morphology difference
- color difference

A
  • open comedoes have keratinous content that can be extracted or expressed. closed comedoes look like there is epithelium formed over it
  • open comedoes look black, grey, orange or brown. closed comedoes are skin coloured
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22
Q

open vs closed comedoes
- alternate names

A

blackheads - open comedo
whitehead - closed comedo

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23
Q

alternate name for blackhead

A

open comedo

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24
Q

alternate name for whitehead

A

closed comedo

25
Q

alternate name for open comedo

A

blackhead

26
Q

alternate name for closed comedo

A

whitehead

27
Q

atrophy (skin)
- define

A

thinning of the skin epidermis, dermis

28
Q

hypertrophic scar vs keloid
- define

A
  • both are scars that grow more than it should
  • but keloids grow past the wound boundaries
29
Q

fibrosis / sclerosis (skin)
- define

A

dermal scarring or thickening

30
Q

telangiectasia
- define

A

dilated superficial dermal blood vessels

31
Q

milium
- define

A

small superficial keratin containing cyst

32
Q

terms to describe a flat non palpable skin lesion, by size

A

macule < 1cm
patch > 1cm

33
Q

terms to describe a raised, palpable superficial skin lesion, by size

A

papule <1cm
plaque >1cm

34
Q

terms to describe a palpable skin lesion with a deeper segment, by size

A

nodule <1cm
tumor >1cm

35
Q

terms to describe a fluid filled spherical skin lesion, by size

A

vesicle < 0.5cm
bulla > 0.5cm

36
Q

difference between a vesicle, pustule, and a cyst

A
  • vesicles contain any fluid
  • pustules contain pus (dead white blood cells)
  • cysts contain cells or cellular material like keratin
37
Q

difference between papule and nodule

A

papillae are superficial lesions
nodules have a deeper component

38
Q

difference between plaques and tumors (skin)

A

plaques are superficial lesions, tumours have a deeper component

39
Q

comedo - define

A

a blocked hair follicle
aka a plugged follicular orifice

40
Q

2 different types of comedoes

A

open comedo/blackhead
closed comedoes/whitehead

41
Q

characteristics of a blackhead (3)

A
  • a blocked hair follicle
  • has an open orifice at the skin surface
  • contents inside are visible, blackish debris
42
Q

characteristics of an open comedo (3)
- what does it look like

A
  • a blocked hair follicle
  • has an open orifice at the skin surface
  • contents inside are visible, blackish debris
  • appears black, brown or tan
43
Q

characteristics of a whitehead (3)

A
  • a blocked hair follicle
  • opening is covered by skin
  • color would approximate skin color
44
Q

characteristics of a closed comedo (3)

A
  • a blocked hair follicle
  • opening is covered by skin
  • color would approximate skin color
45
Q

difference between a closed comedo and milium / milia
- shape
- contents

A

milium is a keratin cyst
comedoes are blocked hair follices

milium contain only keratin proteins
comedoes have a mix of keratin, sebum, hair and other stuff

46
Q

what is inside a comedo

A

mix of keratin, sebum (oily), hair

47
Q

acral distribution
- define (5)

A

located in distal extremities eg
- ears
- fingers and toes
- nose
- penis
- nipple

48
Q

what are the blaschko lines

A

lines of skin that are thought to represent epidermal cell migration and proliferation during fetal development

49
Q

herpetiform distribution - define

A

solid papules within a cluster

50
Q

describe koebnerisation

A

formation of new lesions
from an existing skin disease
in a previously healthy area
that had been traumatised

51
Q

what is a nummular lesion

A

a circular, coin shaped lesion

52
Q

another name for nummular lesions

A

discoid lesions

53
Q

what is a target lesion

A

a lesion that forms concentric rings

54
Q

another name for target lesion

A

iris lesion

55
Q

what is a gyrate lesion

A

rash that appears to be whirling in a circle or spiral

56
Q

what is an annular lesion

A

forms a ring or circular shape, empty in the middle

57
Q

erythema (skin) - define

A

skin redness caused by increased blood supply

58
Q

telangiectasia (skin) - define

A

prominent cutaneous blood vessels

dermatology (6 decks)

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