Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

dermatology > normal skin cell histopathology > Flashcards

normal skin cell histopathology Flashcards

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470464/ https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/5-1-layers-of-the-skin/ https://dermnetnz.org/topics/terminology https://www.britannica.com/science/ground-substance https://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/tissue_types/connective/connective_groundS.php https://dermnetnz.org/topics/terminology

1
Q

3 layers that make up skin

A

epidermis
dermis
subcutis / hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

epidermis - main cells found in this layer

A

keratinocyte
melanocyte
langerhans cell
merkel cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

epidermis - what type of epithelium is it

A

stratified squamous epithelium
ie columns of flattened cells stack on one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

broadly, the 2 types of epithelium and what’s the difference

A

epidermis, mucous membrane
- epidermis has a keratin layer that makes it hard and dry
- mucous membranes by comparison don’t have keratin layer and are moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the rete ridges

A

parts of epidermis that protrudes or invaginates into the dermis
- they look like unitary protrusions, but they’re actually a continuous network hence rete
- they’re what make the small lines on the surface of your skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the dermal papillae

A

little nipple-like projections from the dermis that fit between the rete ridges. these are solitary hence nipple-y, unlike rete ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the suprapapillary plate

A

the section of epithelium that’s between each ridge, it sits on top of a dermal papule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

natural progression of keratinocytes

A

start off deep, moving outwards to the surface
keep accumulating keratin
by the time they’re on the surface they get hard, the nucleus is gone
then eventually its shed off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4((+1) cell layers in epithelium - from deep to superficial

A

Lucidum is +1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stratum basale
- what layer is it, adjacent layers

A
  • deepest layer of epidermis
  • sits superficial to basal lamina, and deep to spinosum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stratum granulosum - characteristics (3)

A
  • sits superficial to stratum spinosum, deep to lucidum/corneum
  • cells have basophilic granules
  • waxy substance secreted between cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stratum spinosum - characteristic that gives its name

A
  • desmosomes connect the cells like little prickles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stratum corneum - characteristics

A

dead, dried out cells without nuclei at the surface of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what macroscopic skin structure do the rete ridges correspond with

A

small lines on the surface of skin correspond with rete ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

another name for stratum basale

A

stratum germinativum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

another name for stratum germinativum

A

stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

histology - what does squamous mean

A

flat, like a roof tile or a lizard scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name of blood vessels inside the epidermis

A

none, its avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

histology - difference between thin skin and thick skin

A

thick skin has a stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what parts of the body have ‘thick skin’

A

palms, soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cell type that makes up 95% of epidermis

A

keratinocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

role of keratinocyte in skin

A

produces and stores keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

(skin) basal cells
- what does it look like

A

cuboidal shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

(skin) basal cells
- what cells do these produce

A

stem cells that produce keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what stem cell is the precursor to keratinocytes

A

basal cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

stratum basale
- how does it connect to the dermis layer

A

intertwining collagen fibres, known as the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

stratum basale
- main role
- other cells found in this layer

A
  • its where the basal cells sit and produce keratinocytes
  • melanocytes, merkel cells and langerhan cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

merkel cell
- main function

A

touch sense receptor, sends message to nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

stratum spinosum
- what gives this layer a spiny appearance

A
  • structures called desmosomes connect the cells in this layer
  • its only visible on stained skin cells
30
Q

stratum granulosum
- what gives the keratinocytes in this layer a granular appearance

A

keratohyalin accumulation inside the cell

31
Q

stratum granulosum
- what are the keratinocytes in this layer getting up to

A
  • producing heaps of keratin and keratohyalin
  • nucleus and other organelles in the cells die, eventually turning it into a mass of keratin
32
Q

stratum lucidum
- characteristics (2)

A
  • translucent layer, above granulosum
  • dead, flattened keratinocytes
33
Q

stratum lucidum
- which body parts is it found

A

thick skin of palms and soles

34
Q

stratum lucidum
- what gives it a translucent appearance

A

eleiden, a protein rich in lipids

35
Q

eleiden
- what is it
- what is it derived from
- role in skin

A

a protein rich in lipids
derived from keratohyalin
acts as a thick waterproof barrier in stratum lucidum

36
Q

what layer of epidermis is eleiden found in

A

stratum lucidum, epidermis

37
Q

layer of epidermis exposed to environment

A

stratum corneum

38
Q

stratum corneum
- characteristics (2)

A

stack of 15-30 layers of cells, mostly keratin, sitting on the surface of skin

39
Q

stratum corneum
- how long does this layer take to be replaced

A

4 weeks

40
Q

when a bad sunburn happens, why does the skin peel in sheets

A

stratum corneum cells still have desmosomes connecting to one another, so it comes off as a sheet

41
Q

ground substance
- brief description
- what’s it made of

A
  • translucent gel component of connective tissue
  • made up of large carbohydrates, mucopolysaccharides / glycosaminoglycans
42
Q

dermis - name of the 2 layers

A

papillary layer
reticular layer

43
Q

dermis papillary layer - description

A

its the layer that forms the dermal papillae, and anchors the epidermis

44
Q

what skin structures give rise to fingerprints

A

dermal papillae and rete networks

45
Q

what skin structures are in dermis (4)

A
  • blood
  • lymphatic vessels
  • hair follices
  • sweat glands
46
Q

what cell produces connective tissue substances

A

fibroblast

47
Q

role of fibroblasts

A

produce elastin, collagenous fibres, ground substance

48
Q

characteristics of glycosaminoglycans (3) and their effect

A
  • highly negative charge, which attracts Na+ and therefore water by osmotic pressure
  • inflexible, so they resist compressive forces
  • hydrophilic ++, keeps them hydrated
49
Q

4 types of glycosaminoglycans

A

hyaluronic acid
chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate
heparan sulphate
keratan sulphate

50
Q

hypodermis - main role

A

connect skin to underlying fascia (fibrous tissue)

51
Q

the types of proper ‘non-specialised’ connective tissue and the difference between them

A
  • loose and dense irregular connective tissue
  • loose tissue has more actual cells, dense is mostly extracellular matrix
52
Q

difference in connective tissues of the dermal layers

A

papillary layer - loose CT
rete layer - dense irregular CT

53
Q

other names for hypodermis (2)

A

subcutis, superficial fascia

54
Q

what makes up the subcutis layer

A

loose CT and adipose tissue

55
Q

what layer of epidermis are the melanocytes located

A

stratum basale

56
Q

how do keratinocytes get their pigment

A

melanocytes produce melanin, which gets deposited in keratinocytes as melanosomes

57
Q

mechanism for skin tanning

A

excess UV exposure drives up melanin production, which gets deposited in keratinocytes
when UV drops, production drops and skin eventually reverts back to previous color

58
Q

what role does melanin play in UV exposure

A

melanin protects DNA from excess UV exposure

59
Q

what is keratohyalin

A

protein structure found in granular vesicles inside stratum granulosum, containing keratin, filaggrin

60
Q

epidermal appendages and their functions

A

eccrine glands - produce sweat
apocrine glands - scent glands in armpits, groin
pilosebaceous unit - hair and sebaceous gland
nails - to scratch people

61
Q

what are the eccrine glands

A

regular sweat producing gland

62
Q

what are the apocrine glands, where are they located

A

scent glands in armpits and groin

63
Q

what are the arrector pili muscles
where are they located in skin layer

A

muscle attached to hair follicles, controls where the hair points
in the dermis

64
Q

langerhans cells are part of what body system

A

immune system

65
Q

what cells are langerhans cells derived from

A

there’s debate, some claim monocyte-macrophage, others claim dendritic cells

66
Q

what immune role do langerhans cells have

A

antigen presenting cells

67
Q

characteristic finding of langerhans cells on histopathology

A

cytoplasmic birbeck granules

68
Q

what are birbeck granules

A

cytoplasmic organelles shaped like tennis rackets

69
Q

what cells are birbeck granules found in

A

langerhans cells

70
Q

where do langerhans cells normally reside when inactive

A

prickle cell layer of dermis (stratum spinosum)

71
Q

once activated, where do langerhans cells move to

A

lymph nodes

72
Q
A

dermatology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions