Describe immune and immunoproliferative disorders

Question 1

What is hypersensitivity?

Answer 1

normal but exaggerated or uncontrolled immune response to an antigen that can produce inflammation, cell destruction, or tissue injury.

Question 2

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity?

Answer 2

Type 1- Anaphylactic reaction
Type 2 Cytotoxic reaction
Type 3- Immune complex reaction
Type 4- T cell dependent

Question 3

What types of hypersensitivity are antibody mediated?

Answer 3

Type 1, 2, and 3

Question 4

What type of hypersensitivity is cell mediated?

Answer 4

Type 4

Question 5

What is an allergy?

Answer 5

an altered reaction to external substances.

Question 6

Related to atopy, what is immediate hypersensitivity mediated by?

Answer 6

IgE antibodies such as asthma, food allergies, hay fever, and low molecular weight soluble proteins in latex

Question 7

What is attracted to area of activity by chemotactic factors?

Answer 7

Eosinophils

Question 8

What are the 3 types of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 8

HTRs and HDN

Antibody-dependent, cell mediated cytotoxicity

Antireceptor antibodies

Question 9

When does a HTR reaction occur?

Answer 9

Delayed = 7 to 10 days after transfusion

Question 10

what does the repeated exposure of Type 3 lead to?

Answer 10

an insoluble antigen-antibody complex

Question 11

Type 3 can lead to what common skin conditions?

Answer 11

Allergic vasculitis
Erythema nodosum

Question 12

Pulmonary reactions of Type 3 can lead to what?

Answer 12

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 13

What is cell mediated immunity moderated by?

Answer 13

the link between t lymphocytes and phagocytic cells

Question 14

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 14

purified antibodies cloned from a single cell

Question 15

What are Monoclonal antibodies used for?

Answer 15

the analysis of cell membrane antigens and have single specificity (single epitope)

Question 16

Single clone of lymphoid (B cell) plasma cells produce higher levels of what?

Answer 16

a single class immunoglobulin called a monoclonal protein, M protein, or paraprotein

Question 17

an M protein can be what?

Answer 17

benign or malignant

Question 18

What is the most common plasma cells disorder?

Answer 18

(MGUS) a premalignant precursor or myeloma with which its incidence increases with age.

Question 19

What is multiple myeloma?

Answer 19

accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow

Question 20

What does multiple myeloma do to bone marrow?

Answer 20

raise the concentration of plasma cells from 1% to a concentration of 90%

Question 21

What is the most common form of dysproteinemia?

Answer 21

Multiple Myeloma

Question 22

what percentage of patients have bone pain with multiple myeloma?

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

What is the most consistent immunologic feature of multiple myeloma?

Answer 23

immunoglobulin chains of fragments with suppression of synthesis of a normal antibody. the incessant synthesis of a dysfunctional single monoclonal protein

Question 24

What is considered an important marker of MM?

Answer 24

Bence Jones proteins

Question 25

In 10% of MM patients, what is produced?

Answer 25

only BJ proteins

Question 26

What is Waldenstroms primary Macroglobulinemia?

Answer 26

a b cell disorder where infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells into the bone marrow

Question 27

Who is WM usually found in?

Answer 27

60-64 year olds and have a median survival of 3 years after diagnosis

Question 28

What does a microscopic exam of bone aspirate reveal?

Answer 28

ragged cytoplasm and stain positive with periodic acid schiff

Question 29

What do Polyclonal gammopathies consist of?

Answer 29

one or more heavy chain classes and both light chain class types.