descriptive epi study design

Question 1

descriptive epidemiology

Answer 1

desbribes the distributon (frequency & pattern) of health related events

Question 2

what is the importance of descriptive epi

Answer 2

• provides info about a disease or condition
• produced clues to identify a new disease or adverse health effects
• identifies the extent of the public health problem
• obtains a description of the public health porblem that can be easily communicated
• gets the research problem, question, and hypotheses are supported by descriptive epi

Question 3

what are the types of descriptive study designs

Answer 3

• ecologic study
• case study
• cross sectional

Question 4

ecologic study

Answer 4

associations on a population level

Question 5

case study

Answer 5

description of a problem or situation for an individual or group
- case report or case series

Question 6

case report case study

Answer 6

looks at only one individula

Question 7

case series case study

Answer 7

a group or series of patients who have similar treatment, exposure, or outcome

Question 8

cross-sectional

Answer 8

examines associations among health realted states or events and personal characteristics, there is no follow up period

Question 9

what are the limits of an ecologic study

Answer 9

unable to control for confounding variables

Question 10

limitations of case study

Answer 10

only deals with cases there are no controls cannt be used to establish cause-effect relationship

Question 11

limitations of cross sectional

Answer 11

cant establish whether an exposure preceded or followed a health outcome

Question 12

what kind of study is this: a researcher publishes a detailed report of a young woman’s symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of toxic shock syndrome

Answer 12

case study

Question 13

what kind of study is this: reserachers conduct random phone interviews with 3,000 nebraskans and collect demographic, health, and behavior data over the course of 3 days

Answer 13

cross-sectional study

Question 14

what kind of study is this: researcher looks at data for distracted driving citations and the volume of car accdients and fatal cara ccdients in the last 10 years in their state

Answer 14

ecologic study

Question 15

nominal data

Answer 15

gender, rade, marital status, occupation

Question 16

oridnal data

Answer 16

stages of cancer preference rating

Question 17

discrete data

Answer 17

things that can be counted

Question 18

continous data

Answer 18

measurements (height, weight, age, etc)

Question 19

ratio

Answer 19

x/y

Question 20

proportion

Answer 20

x/y * 100

Question 21

rate

Answer 21

x/y * rate given

Question 22

how to report a ratio value

Answer 22

x are ___times more/less likely to problem than y

Question 23

how to report a proportion

Answer 23

of the problem that occured in group ___% of them were due to specific problem

Question 24

how to report a rate

Answer 24

the ____ rate in this group is ____ per the rate given

Question 25

incidence rate equation

Answer 25

new cases occuring during a given period / population at risk during the same time period

Question 26

prevalence rate equation

Answer 26

new and existing casese of the disease or event at a point in time / total study population at a point in time

Question 27

how does incidence affect prevalence

Answer 27

- incidence can increase prevalance if there are no removal of those infected - incidence can be very great despite removal of those infected via death or cures

Question 28

what affects prevalence

Answer 28

incidence and death/cures

Question 29

what is the importance of age adjusted

Answer 29

can give more fair comparisons between different populations with varrying age distributions