Descriptive Epidemiology & Measures of Disease Frequency Flashcards
(64 cards)
Name the surveillance systems
- Passive
- Active
- Syndromic
Describe Passive Surveillance
Relies on HS to follow regulations on required reportable diseases/conditions
PHS tracks disease frequency/occurrence over time and within populations
Describe Active Surveillance
Public health officials go into communities to search for new ideas/condition cases
Describe Syndromic Surveillance
A system that looks for pre-defined signs/symptoms of patients related to trackable-but-rare disease/conditions
What is Biosurveillance and what system is it apart of?
Surveillance of human, animal, plant, and environment
Apart of the syndromic surveillance
What are the four stages of natural history of disease timeline?
- Stage of Susceptibility
- Stage of Subclinical Disease
- Stage of Clinical Diseases
- Stage of Recovery, Disability, or Death
What occurs between the Stage of Susceptibility and the Stage of Subclinical Disease?
Exposure
What occurs during the Stage of Susceptibility?
Pathologic changes
What occurs between the Stage of Subclinical Disease and the Stage of Clinical Disease?
Onset of symptoms
What occurs early in the Stage of Clinical Disease?
Usual time of diagnosis
What is Induction/Incubation?
Time between exposure and onset of disease
What is the latency period?
Time between onset of disease and disease detection (symptoms or diagnosis)
What is a Case Definition?
A set of uniform criteria used to define a disease/condition for public health surveillance
Enables public health to classify and count cases consistently across reporting jurisdictions
What is the CSTE?
Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
What is the importance of the CSTE’s position statements?
These are used each year to provide uniform criteria of nationally notifiable infection and non-infectious conditions for reporting purposes
Define Epidemic
Occurrence of disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy
Community/Period clearly defined
Define Outbreak
An epidemic limited to a localized increase in the occurrence of disease
Sometimes interchanged with “Cluster”
Define Endemic
The constant presence of a disease within a given area or population in excess of normal levels in other areas
Define Emergency of International Concern
An epidemic that alerts the world to the need for high vigilance (pre-pandemic labeling)
Define Pandemic
An epidemic spread world-wide (global health impact)
Multi-national/multi-continent
What is the Epidemic Curve?
A graphical, time-based depiction generated during an outbreak/epidemic reflecting the # of cases; by date
A histogram incorporating all 3 elements of descriptive epidemiology
What are the two things the Epi Curve can visually depict?
- Magnitude and Timing of disease occurrence
2. Pattern (shape) of disease occurrence
What is seen with the Magnitude and Timing of disease occurrence on the Epi Curve?
- Sentinel or index case/peak/outliers
- Start/stop/duration
What is seen with the Pattern of the Epi Curve?
- Common/Point Source (Continuous, Intermittent)
- Propogated
