Design and spec

Question 1

Tell me about your preperation of the design and specification of a building project from outline proposals to compeltion of the design and specficiation process.

Answer 1

I have recently been involved with the specification design and delivery of a cyclical redeocration project. The outline proposal was developed from a detail condition survey of the scheme, which reommendations were then included within a report. A significant item was to replace the timber walkway balustrades. However, due to budget constraints and leaseholder S20, the client requested their repair rather than replacement. I completed a detailed survey of all balustrades and quantified the different repairs required. I then specified the type of materials, treated softwood, fixings and decoration requirments.

Question 2

Talk me through your experience of the specification process, including detailed knowledge of the main methods of specification.

Answer 2

I have been involved with different projects through the entire design and specification process. The process can be intitated at RIBA Stages 0 and continues at 5. For example, in my case study intital design requirements were determined at the strip out stage where a descrptive specifcation of elements meeting building regulations were discussed. For example the requirement of fire compartmentation to the hall and acoustic requirements to the party wall. I would then develop a performance specification that could be issued to the contractor outlining exact materials, methods and standards to be completed. During the project I was completed a prescriptive specifiction of the fire curtain for the contractor to implement that would meet the requirements of buildng regulations part B.

Question 3

How have you dealt with the design and specifiction process, and its relevance and importance to the procurement and execution of the contract selected for the building works?

Answer 3

I have been involved with projects that have been procured through different contracts. I have developed specifications for fire door sets that are descriptive so that the works can procured through a JCT MW with contractors design to allow for the specialsied contractor to procure materails that met performance requirements.

Question 4

How have you managed the design process to incorporate design works by other in the specification?

Answer 4

With reference to Hillcrest, the project involved elements of asbestos removal and replacement of meters and electrical services. At my appointment, I informed the client that specialist consultants should be appointed to design the areas around these elements. I appointed an M&E and Asbestos consultant from our internal approved consultant list. I communicated with them and met them onsite to ensure that the objectives/brief was understood. A plan of work and M&E spec was developed that I included within my overall specification.

Question 5

Hillcrest Fire Remedial WorksWhat materials did you specifiy for the compartmentation to the gas services in the duct?

Answer 5

I specified a gyproc shaft system that would meet the 30 minute fire resistance requirement. I also included a FD30s intumescent grills and mainteance hatches.

Question 6

Hillcrest Fire Remedial WorksHow did you deal with the ventilation and what guidance a part from the building regulations did you follow?

Answer 6

To address the ventilation within the riser we introduced an intumescent grill at the top of the riser and at the bottom of the riser. We then allowed for the floor slab to core drilled to allow for natural ventilation. I referred to BS 6891 table 6 which outlined a requirement for the grills to be 0.05m2.

Question 7

Hillcrest Fire Remedial WorksHow did you design access into the duct for mainteance purposes?

Answer 7

To ensure that mainteance access was available to to all of the risers, I specified that a FD30 maintence hatch was installed at high and low levels.

Question 8

Hillcrest Fire Remedial WorksDid you check the duct where the pipework went into individual flats or other areas?

Answer 8

The view of the gas services were obstructed by the asbestos insulation board within the cupboard. As I was unable to prescribe firestopping works to be priced exactly, I included a schedule of rates within the specification for a range of firestopping works for the contractor to price. I also included within the specification an item for the CA to inspect all areas once asbestos had been removed and new services had been installed.

Question 9

Hillcrest Fire Remedial WorksWhat building regulations did you comply with?

Answer 9

All works related to firestopping and the new riser fire doors were compliant with building regulations. Riser doors to FD30 and firestopping to maintaint the 60min compartment line. The electrical components of the project would all be self certified. Approved document B.

Question 10

Wigston Close, Structural worksHow did you incorporate the structural engineers’ requirements into your specification?

Answer 10

I included the structural eningeers requirements as an appendix to my specification document. I then ensured that all prescriptive standards for materials and workmanship were included in my document.

Question 11

Wigston Close, Structural worksWhat if any immediate work did you specify?

Answer 11

Due to the wall being deemed as a dangerous structure, immediate works involved decanting residents, proping the walls with accrow props and steel beams and hording the external wall to secure the property.

Question 12

Wigston Close, Structural worksWhat were the additional items that you added to the specification?

Answer 12

Additional items included adding decorations and floor covering to the specifiction.

Question 13

What is the difference between a performance and a prescription specification?

Answer 13

Performance specifcation - also known as openPrescriptive specification - also known as closedPerformance provides more freedom to contractor to achieve the desired end goal, therefore potentailly finding best value for money. Typically used on straight forward projects.Prescriptive specification sets out exactly what will be expected from the contractor at the end of the project. This enables the client to be sure of what they will get for their investement. Often used in projects where specialist systems are requried.

Question 14

What type of specifcation did you use in your case study?

Answer 14

The specification used for St Francis house was a mixture of performance and prescriptive. I used presriptive methods for elements that required building regulation control i.e. inuslation, acoutsic plaster board and structure.

Question 15

What is the defintion of an adaptable dwelling under building regulations part M?

Answer 15

Dwellings that have some features of a fully accessible dwelling such as wider doors but with some omissions. Allowing for the property to be adapated to meet the requirments of the occupants over time.

Question 16

What is the purpose of Adaptable dwellings?

Answer 16

Occupants who do not require accesible apartments are relcuctant to live in them, this allows for the property to be used and adapted easily.

Question 17

Warley HillHow did you apply building regulations to the design of the entrance?

Answer 17

External landing with a minimum width of 1200mmLight outside entrance with motion detecotrMinimum clear width opening of 850mmAccesible threshold - level threshold

Question 18

Warley HillHow did you apply the building regulations to the circulation areas and the door widths?

Answer 18

All doors had a clear opening of 900mm Clear width of hall or landing 900mmLocalised obstructions (radiators) not in front of door ways

Question 19

Warley HillHow did you apply building regulations to the design of the habitable areas

Answer 19

Minimum clear space in front of kithcen appliances of 1200mmOpener in living room 1200mm above floor level750mm free space to either side of bed

Question 20

Warley HillHow did you apply building regulations to the design of the bathroom

Answer 20

Door opened outward into the hallwayShower had potentaial for level access adaptationAccess zones for basin and WC

Question 21

Warley HillHow did you apply building regulations to the desing of the services?

Answer 21

All sockets, stopcocks, controls between 450 and 1200mm above floor level and 300mm away for wallConsumer switches mounted between 1300a nd 1450mmHnadles to windows located at 450mm and 1400mm from floor levelWireless thermostat controls

Question 22

Warley Hill, Office RefurbWhat was the relevant building regulation and how was it applied to the specification of the polypearl porcuct?

Answer 22

The relevant building regulation is Part L. It required the improvement in thermal performance of the existing elements to have an improved U-value of 0.55 W/m2.k. The polypearl system improved the U value to 0.23.

Question 23

Tottenham Feasibility Why did you present a range of different options to solve the security issues?

Answer 23

There were leaseholders within the blockClient asked for a range of options relating to costOptions that included the renewal or modifcation of door entry systemThe was scope to re-arrange the bin store within the car park to solve the issue subject to costClient wanted to present options during S20 process

Question 24

Tottenham Feasibility What options did you present to your client?

Answer 24

Installing a manual swing gate on the existing propertyInstalling a automatic swing gate on the existing boundary lineInstalling a cantilever gate system on now boundary to maximise spaceMoving the boundary line to incorporate a parking space that was currently outside the existing wall

Question 25

Tottenham Feasibility How did you determine the space outside the existing boundary belonged to your client?

Answer 25

I procured the title plans from the land registry which outlined that the space outside existing boundary was included within the clients freehold

Question 26

Tottenham Feasibility Were there any regulatory issues you encountered?

Answer 26

Neighbour had an easement through the car parkClient ahd to follow the S20 processPlanning would also be required due to nature of works

Question 27

Tottenham Feasibility What issues did you encounter with your suggestions

Answer 27

Any automated gate would need to be interegrated with existing entry systemI attendted site with a specclist contractor to determien whetehr it was feasibleDue to age and current condition of system, it could nto be intergratedTherefore, there was a signifcant cost to renew the system

Question 28

Explain your understanding of the RICS Design and Specification Guidance Note 2013

Answer 28

Provides professional practitioners with best practice guidance relevant to the tasks and processes of design and specification (small to medium projects)Guidance covers; Roles of the lead consultantManagementCommon considerations (compliance, sustainability, safety)Design Process Management Documetnation (documents, NBS, standardsiation)Design Process (RIBA)Specifciation and preperationLegilsative complianceConstruction stageComissionin/Occupation

Question 29

What should be included in a client brief?

Answer 29

Statement of the problem they want to solveAddress of propertyVulnearble residents/ contact detailsHazards/Asbestos RegisterInstruction f services they want to includeAccess provisions

Question 30

What is a client brief?

Answer 30

The purpose of a client brief is to provide a firm foundation for the initiation of the project. It is a formal statement of the objectives and functional and operational requirements of the finished project.It should be in sufficient detail to enable the integrated project team to execute the specification and detailed design of the work and is therefore an essential reference for the team

Question 31

You mention technical standards, name some?

Answer 31

Architects Journal Guidance & ArticlesBritish Standards BRE Digests and Good Repairs Guides English Heritage Journals and Guides

Question 32

Explain your understanding of the RIBA Works Stages 2020

Answer 32

0- Strategic Definition (clients business case and strategic brief are assessed)1-Preparation and Brief Developing the detail of the brief to ensure that everything needed for the design process is in place.2-Concept Design Getting the concept right and ensuring it meets the clients requirements.3-Spacial Coordination spatially coordinate the design before detailed design is prepared.4- Technical Design Developing the information to manufacture and construct.5-Manufacturing and Construction Building gets built6- Handover PC cert, Insurances, release of 2.5% retention, H&S (O&M) 7-Use Building is in full use until its end of life.

Question 33

What sustainable considerations do you make during the design stage?

Answer 33

Depends on the projectFuture proof the building? Working to upcoming changes? Local sourced materials Waste management plan (no longer compulsory)uPVC Windows made from recycled plastics etc. Re-Use materials where possible

Question 34

What considerations would I advise my client of if they were replacing windows?

Answer 34

I would determine determine the property arcitype (flat/house)Advise that houses non-conservation not require planning I would assess the locality (conservation, Listed)Blocks of flats require planning for change of window type.Conservation/ listed require planning (listed building and conservation) areas act 1990

Question 35

What is MMC? (Modern Methods of Construction)?

Answer 35

Off-site construction methodsControl of sustainability, materials and constructionOff-site Volumetric ModulesOn-site MMC methods Off-site Penalised Systems Off-site Hybrid Systems

Question 36

What do you include in a feasibility study?

Answer 36

Includes 6 sections 1- Introduction2- Background information 3-Requirements4-Evaluation5-Conclusions6-Receommednations

Question 37

Explain what is included in a specification?

Answer 37

PreliminariesPreambleSpecification/Materials and Workmanship clausesSOW/Sor and Bill of QuantsDrawings/Schedules

Question 38

What is a Preamble?

Answer 38

The interpretation / Explanation documentDescription of the parties to the contract Description of Competence Background Summary of Negotiations Tendering Procedure Objectives

Question 39

What are the Preliminaries ?

Answer 39

Description of the project to allow cost assessment and to specify general conditions and requirements for execution The Site (description, access, parking) The WorksContract Conditions (rectification, payments, insurance, collateral warrantees)Management of the works (working hours etc.) Security, health and safety Site set up and welfare

Question 40

Explain Fire Door sets?

Answer 40

A door set is a complete unit consisting of a door frame and a door leaf or leaves, supplied with all essential parts from a single source This means that a fire door set is supplied as a complete unit from one manufacturer, so is;Fully fitted up and finished, direct from the manufacturer Fitted with all compatible components and glazing, andPre-essembled in the factory

Question 41

Explain conservation areas, what statutory consent do you need?

Answer 41

A special consent known as 'conservation area consent' is required for the 'substantial demolition' of any building in a conservation area, and it is a criminal offence to demolish (or substantially demolish) one without consent.

Question 42

What works require conservation consent?

Answer 42

Single storey extensions that extend more than 3 metres beyond the back wall of the house (or 4 metres in the case of a detached house) Extensions at the back of a house with more than one storey. Any extensions at the side of a house.Window and door & roof replacement (change of material)

Question 43

What is a listed building?

Answer 43

A building is listed when it is of special architectural or historic interest considered to be of national importance and therefore worth protecting.As the term implies, a listed building is actually added to a list: the National Heritage List for England.

Question 44

Explain how you appoint a structural engineer or sub consultant?

Answer 44

Internal List of Approved Consultants Check insurances and previous experience with them Brief them on requirements Check terms and conditions and fee Obtain clients approval and instruct in writing

Question 45

Explain the types of asbestos and the types of survey?

Answer 45

CHRYSOTILE (white) AMOSITE (Brown) CROCIDOLITE (Blue) Management Survey - Identify and manage (advised)Refurbishment and Demolition - for works at risk of disturbance

Question 46

What is licenced and unlicenced asbestos?

Answer 46

Most higher risk work with asbestos must only be done by a licensed contractor but any decision on whether particular work is licensable is based on the risk. Licensed work is explained at 'Licensable work with asbestos'.Non- Licenced - sporadic, low intensity, control, short duration

Question 47

Explain the advantages of a prescriptive specification.

Answer 47

Prescriptive specifications give the client much more certainty about the end product when making investment decisions (such as when they appoint the contractor), and place a greater burden on the designer to ensure proper installation rather than the contractor.

Question 48

What is building control? And when is it relevant?

Answer 48

Building control ensures design and regulation standards are met - building regsPut up a new building.Extend or alter an existing one.Provide services and/or fittings in a building such as washing and sanitary facilities, hot water cylinders, foul water and rainwater drainage, replacement windows, and fuel burning appliances of any type.

Question 49

What would you do if a contractor got to site and recommended swapping a product you have specified?

Answer 49

BS Standard check Statutory affects / planning? Guarantee difference? client approval?Issue a CI design change?

Question 50

Name some British Standards you have referred to in your specifications?

Answer 50

BS7974- Fire Safety Principles to the designBS 476- Fire testing requirements BS 7913: 2013- Conservation and Hisotric Buildings

Question 51

What are the different stages of the design process?

Answer 51

0- Strategic Definition (clients business case and strategic brief are assessed)1- Preparation and Brief (Developing the information that the design team will need to commence the design process) Feasibility Studies 2- Concept Design (The concept design represents the design team's initial response to the project brief)3- Spatial Coordination (Design in which the client’s Spatial Requirements and the spaces required for any Building Systems – such as structural and building services engineering aspects, including grids, risers and plant rooms – have been determined and fixed to allow Stage 4 to progress without any further iterations.)'4- Technical Design (..involves the preparation of all information required to manufacture and construct a building)5- Manufacturing and Construction (Comprises the manufacturing and construction of the Building Systems in accordance with the Construction Programme agreed in the Building Contract)6- Handover PC cert, Insurances, release of 2.5% retention, H&S (O&M) 7- Use Building in use

Question 52

Following a client instruction, how might you ensure that their brief if met?

Answer 52

I issue a project plan with gateway stages for report and revew I set deliverable targets within the brief I match the gateway stages to the targets for deliveryI obtain client sign off and communication throughout

Question 53

How might a building be made more energy efficient?

Answer 53

Double glazing, Insulation upgrade Better heating system LED lighting

Question 54

Explain the key difference between Prescriptive and Performance specifications.

Answer 54

Performance Specifications address the operational requirements of an installation. The focus is on the project outcome, indicating how the final project must be able to function. Prescriptive Specifications contain detailed descriptions of what specific materials must be used as well as the installation instructions.

Question 55

Why might you recommend the use of a performance specification?

Answer 55

The performance of the works are specified, the contractor reserves the option of design. Performance specification gives the contractor and suppliers more scope to innovate and adopt cost effective methods of work, potentially offering better value for money.

Question 56

How do you determine the length of contract period for a project - what factors are considered?

Answer 56

Lead in period Statutory consents/ inspctions Marterial delivery / manufacture Time for works / number of workers on site.

Question 57

How do you make your client aware of their duties under the CDM Regulations?

Answer 57

Initial fee proposal Initial feasibility report

Question 58

What are the benefits of using specification writing software such as NBS?

Answer 58

Collaboration Consistant Standards Audit trail of decisionmakingUp to date standards and products

Question 59

What version of RIBA do you use?

Answer 59

RIBA 2020.

Question 60

What were the changes to the 2020 version of RIBA?

Answer 60

Introduction of BIM and focus on sustainbility. Stae 1 name change to Preperation and breifing Stage 3 name change to Spatial co-ordinationStage 7 name change to Use

Question 61

HillcrestWhat were the asbestos materials and what was the type?

Answer 61

The riser cupboards had asbestos insulation board containing amosite.

Question 62

HillcrestHow did you know what type of asbestos was included?

Answer 62

A demolition survey had been undertaken before we were appointed. Determining that it was amosite.

Question 63

Hillcrest How was the client managin their responisbility toward the asbestos before the projecT?

Answer 63

The ACM had been encapsulated and management reports were being completed.

Question 64

Warley Hill Office Conversion and RefurbishmentWHat regulations did you neeed to ensure the office conversion met to be desiganted as an adaptable dwelling?

Answer 64

Building regulations part M - AccessSpecifically M4 (2) Category 2: Accesible and adaptable dwellings?

Question 65

Warley Hill Office Conversion and RefurbishmentWhat design considerations did you make to the design of the access ramp?

Answer 65

Gradient beetween 1:12 and 1:20 due to arrangement this required a change of direction.All changes of direction required an intermediate landing with a width 1200mm.The ramp must maintain a width at all times, with all lengths having a top and bottom.

Question 66

Warley Hill Office Conversion and RefurbishmentWhat document did you use to determine that the caivty wall insulation would provide an imrpveoemtn in the U-value of the external wall?

Answer 66

I referred to building regulations part L to determine the requirement for the imrpovement of thermal performance.This outlined the requirment for the type of insulation and the width of the cavity.

Question 67

Warley Hill Office Conversion and RefurbishmentWhat was the U-value requirement of building regulations that you needed to meet?

Answer 67

For the cavity size (50mm) the requirement was for U value to be 0.59

Question 68

Warley Hill Office Conversion and RefurbishmentHow did you ensure that the office conversion met the appropraite regulations to be designated as an adaptable dwelling?

Answer 68

o Access ramp: gradient between 1:12 and 1:20, due to arrangement this meant it required a change of direction. All changes of direction required an intermediate landing with a width of 1200mm. The ramp must maintain 900mm width at all times. All lengths must also have a top and bottom landing.o Front access doors: Level access threshold, 1200mm width, 850mm clear opening, light outside of dooro Corridors: must be 900mm wide, no radiators opposite door openings and must allow clear manouvering area for wheelchairo Services: Sockets between 450-1200mm above floor level and CU centre line between 1300-1400mmo Kitchen: clear 1200mm clear space is provided in front of and between unitso Bedroom: 700mm clear space either side of the double bed

Question 69

Bergen and Brooklyn FeasibilityWhat experience do you have with developing feasibility drawings and reports?

Answer 69

I have recently completed feasibility drawings for the installation of a new gate at residential block in Brent. The puprose of them was also for s20 purpose, to give the residents options of what to choose depending on their cost.

Question 70

Bergen & Brooklyn Security Works, TottenhamWhat were the main objectives of the project?

Answer 70

The main objectives was to explore options of installing increased security measures at the property.I completed the report to allow the client to present the options to the residents for s20 purposes.

Question 71

What experience do you have in developing designs and specifications, including at outline and detail levels?

Answer 71

I have recently develop a feasibility for the installation of an entry gate and improved security in Brent. The feasibility allowed me to develop the outline design. Once the outline design had been agreed I was able to develop a formal specification and issue it out to tender. Including style and manufacturer of the gates.

Question 72

Bergen and Brooklyn FeasibilityWhat challenges did you face in developing the feasibility report for the client?

Answer 72

I needed to understand how to pracitcally intergrate the existing entry system into my proposals. This was outsied of my experience. I invited a contractor to attend site with me to review the condition of the existing entry system and how it culd be used.

Question 73

Bergen and Brooklyn FeasibilityWhat design options did you present to the client?

Answer 73

I presented 4 different options to the client: - Manual gate on existing boundary- Automatic gate on existing boundary- Automatic gate on moved boundary- Manual gate on moved boundaryThese boundaries gave options for cheaper or more expensive options whilst also giving a range of options for making the most of the space at the car park and the more convienent gate (automatic).

Question 74

Bergen and Brooklyn FeasibilityWhat techniques did you use to ensure that the feasibility was effective in outlining the process/issues with each design option?

Answer 74

To ensure that each of the design options was outlined effectively I inclued a seperate drawings for each, included an indvidual section within the report exlpaining each of the options and the works that were included.I also included a table comparing the costs and outlining the benefits and draw backs of each.

Question 75

Hillcrest Fire RemedialsWhat types of floors, walls and roof covering did the flats have?

Answer 75

The property had concrete floors, cavity brickwork walls and a slate roof covering.

Question 76

Hillcrest Fire RemedialsWhat was the value of the JCT IM?

Answer 76

£150K

Question 77

Hillcrest Fire RemedialsWhat did you advise teh cleitn to do regarding teh asbestos and the electrical meters?

Answer 77

From reviewing the clients asbestos survey records and attending site to understand the construction, I advised the client that the appointment of specialist asbestos and M&E contractors would be required due to it being outside of my area of expertise.

Question 78

Hillcrest Fire RemedialsWhat specification did you provide for the electrical components?

Answer 78

I included a specification that was developed from an M&E on our approved consultant list. We have technical service agreements set up with all of our agreed subconsultants. I also made it clear within the spec that the design responsibility lied with the M&E consultant.

Question 79

Hillcrest Fire RemedialsWhat design and construction did you specify for the compartmentatino of the gas services?

Answer 79

I specified a gyproc shaft system that included a a layer of fireline board and intumescent grills of a total of 0.05m2 as outlined in S6891 table 6. I included 2 fire rated mainteance hatches at high and low level.I also required for the concrete slab to be core drilled to allow for through ventilation from the top to the bottom.

Question 80

Hillcrest Fire RemedialsWhat advice did you give your client regarding the procurement route?

Answer 80

I advised the client that due to the nature of the works being high risk, we should maintain as much design control as possible. I therefore recommended that we procure the contract traditionally.

Question 81

HIllcrest Fire RemedialsWhat did you understand about the design of works requried when you attended site?

Answer 81

The FRA identified that the riser door sets needed to be repalced with FD30 units. From attending sites I understood that the asbestos board was fit into the door frame and would need to be removed in order for the door sets to be replaced. Furthermore, I identified that the electrical meters were fixed directly to the amosite and to allow for the board to be removed there could be a requirement for the meters to also be replaced.

Question 82

Hillcrest Fire RemedialsWhat did you comunicate with and manage the specialist to produce?

Answer 82

I appointed specialist M&E and asbestos subconsltants from our approved subconsultant list.I communicated the objectives of the project and outlined the works. With the M&E specialist I advised them that we would need to produce a specifiaction for the replacement of the meters, all replacement services and it should also include provision for deailing with statutory undertakers.For the asbestos specialist, I explained that we would need a plan of work for removing to determine how the asbestos would be removed safely without contaminating the rest of the property.

Question 83

Hillcrest Fire RemedialsWhat were the challenges that you faced specifying this project?

Answer 83

The main challenge was in realtion to removing the meters and asbestos.In order to remove/replace the meters power would need to be shut off, the asbestos would then need to be removed in order to install the new meters. The asbestos management would require a pressurised unit to be set up in the hallway to prevent contaminination, which would prevent escape of the residents. The only way that the works could be acheived safely was to decant the residents.

Question 84

What RICS documentation/guidance is available regarding this competency?

Answer 84

RICS GN Design and Spec 2013

Question 85

What is the critical path of a project ?

Answer 85

The critical path is the primary route followed that any delays will have an effect. Such as foundations for an extension would fall under the critical path and walls, roof etc cannot follow until this item is complete.

Question 86

Can you tell me about the different types of Approved Documents?

Answer 86

Approved docs are • A – structure • B – Fire Safety – Latest update nov 2020 – signage, sprinklers, boundaries• C – site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture• D – Toxic Substances ?• F – Ventilation – G – Sanitation, hot water and water efficiency• H – Drainage and waste disposal• J – Combustion appliances and fuel storage systems• K – Protection from falling , collision and impact• L – Conversation of fuel and power• M – Access to and use of building• P – electrical safety• Q – security• R – Physical infrastructure for high speed electronic communication networks• Reg 7 – materials and workmanship* 0 - Overheating* S - Infrastructure for charging electric vehicles:

Question 87

What is a design and access statement ?

Answer 87

This is a document that accompanies a planning application submission. It details the process that has led to the development / proposals and explains the design. They help the planners to understand the project and ensure consideration has been given to these elements. Titles contained can include design principles and concepts

Question 88

What is a suitable scale for drawings ?

Answer 88

* 1:10* 1:20* 1:50* 1:100* 1:200* 1:1250* 1:2500

Question 89

Can you describe the contents of the RICS Design and Specification Guidance Note ?

Answer 89

```The 2013 Guidance Note, recommended good practice includes• Principles behind the role – aimed at small and medium size construction projects• Design process management• Establishing the project• Outline design and spec• Detail design• Design production• Towards building occupation• Similar to RIBA```

Question 90

What is pre-construction information ?

Answer 90

```This is information that is in the client’s possession or which is reasonably obtained relevant to the proposed works and is of appropriate detail and proportionate to the task, including• The project• Health and safety hazards• Design hazards• Construction hazards• Details of asbestos• Site plan• Any existing information form a health and safety file```

Question 91

Can you name an industry model for me that you build up the design and set out the clients requirements ?

Answer 91

RIBA Plan of Works 2020

Question 92

What is BIM (Building Information Modelling) used for ?

Answer 92

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a very broad term that describes the process of creating and managing digital information about a built asset such as a building, bridge, highway or tunnel. There are levels of BIM from level 0 to level 3. Fundamentally, BIM is used to ensure that appropriate information is created and suitable at the right time to make better decisions throughout the design, construction and operation of the building.

Question 93

What drawing systems do you use ?

Answer 93

AutoCAD and Revit

Question 94

Can you give me some examples of different types of loads on a building ?

Answer 94

* Dead Loads refer to the structure weight itself, which are likely to remaining a constant* Live loads/ imposed loads are changeable and dynamic. Such as occupants, furniture etc. * Environmental loads depending on location, rainfall, wind etc.

Question 95

Where on a warm roof deck is a vapor barrier positioned ?

Answer 95

On the warm/under side of the insulation.

Question 96

What is BS8300 ?

Answer 96

BS8300 is a British Standard that sets out how buildings should be designed, constructed and maintained to create an accessible and inclusive environment for disabled people.

Question 97

How do you determine the length of contract period for a project - what factors are considered?

Answer 97

* Lead in period* Statutory applications/consent* Materials* Complexity* Size of contractor* Clients objectives

Question 98

What are the benefits of using specification writing software such as NBS?

Answer 98

* Collaboration* Consistent standards* Audit trial* Up to date information* Collaborative approach

Question 99

Where you have prepared a specification for a listed building, explain what impact that had on the specification and the drawings and information you provided as part of those works. Refer to an example from your experience.

Answer 99

The specification items were removed on the basis that statute of listing supersedes building control and approved documents

Question 100

What are the pros and cons of a pitched roof?

Answer 100

Providing the roof is constructed correctly and the tiles laid correctly, the life of the tiles should last a minimum of 50-60 years providing it is maintained. Pitched roofs can be constructed from pre-fabricated trusses which reduce the time required for construction and do not require an as skilled precise workforce. The pitched roof would allow for storage space for the landlord or tenants.The negatives were that it required scaffolding to be raised higher which increases the cost, the roof would be harder to maintain as it would require a cherry picker or mobile access tower to do safely, the load of the roof can cause roof spread if not adequately restrained.

Question 101

What are the pros and cons of a flat roof?

Answer 101

They can be laid down relatively quickly and made weatherproof depending on the material finish chosen. They are easier to maintain and access. If done correctly, the roof finish can last well over 20 years and can come with a guarantee. They are relatively easy to install and safer to do so. The negatives are that although maintenance is easier, it will require it more often particularly with clearing the rain water outlets to prevent blockages and water leakages. If there is a leak, it can be difficult to pinpoint. They are susceptible to heat damage.

Question 102

What did you do to be compliant with equality act?

Answer 102

The equality act builds on Part M. It requires employers to make reasonable adjustments to not discriminate against minorities or those with disabilities and regard must be given to any specific needs of likely building users. I informed my client that in order to comply with Part M, we would need to make adjustments to the extension but in order to allow her son to be fully independent in the future, other alterations could be made such as strengthening the ceiling to allow for hoists, widening all the ground floor doors, creating a ramp up to the front door. These changes were not unreasonable given the circumstances. The equality act although not applicable to private residences justified the need to widen all the doors and create level access throughout the house including making the staircase slightly more narrow to allow for wheelchair access through the hallway.

Question 103

What would you look at for disabled access?

Answer 103

* Who is using the building? * What are their needs? * Is there enough width to get a wheelchair through, are there any steps that need to be avoided, how do we deal with fire safety? * Will there be any changes to their needs in the future?

Question 104

What is a provisional sum ?

Answer 104

A provisional sum relates to works that cannot be designed / specified at the outset.

Question 105

What is a defined provisional sum ?

Answer 105

Defined provisional sums are those where specific works have not been fully designed, however, there is enough information available for the contractor to make a proper allowance in their price and programmed.

Question 106

What is a undefined provisional sum ?

Answer 106

Undefined provisional sums are not accounted for in the contractor's price and programmed. This means that the client is taking the risk for the works and the contractor may be entitled to an extension of time and additional payments.

Question 107

What is approved doc M ?

Answer 107

Provides guidance on how to meet part M of the regs in relation to Access to and Use of a Building.

Question 108

What is the equality act and what requirements does it place on employers ?

Answer 108

Under the Equality Act 2010, an employer has a duty to make reasonable adjustments for disabled applicants and employees.

Question 109

What is the aim of the equality act 2010?

Answer 109

Duty to make reasonable adjustments aims to make sure everyone has the same access to everything. The employer has to be positive and proactive to take stapes to make the workspace more accessible.

Question 110

What is a schedule of work ?

Answer 110

A schedule of work is a description of the work, in a list format, a specified schedule of work' includes (part of) the specification. Often used on small alterations projects and prepared by designers

Question 111

What is a bill of quantities ?

Answer 111

Document prepared by the QS/cost consultant and provides project specific measured quantities of items of work identified in specifications and drawings. Advantage is that all contractors pricing same quantities which allow for a fair and accurate tender evaluation - this assists with any variations, interim payments and schedule of rates. Usually used on larger projects.

Question 112

Explain what is included in a specification?

Answer 112

* Preliminaries * Preamble,* Specification* Materials* Workmanship* SOW* Drawings* Photos

Question 113

What is a Preamble?

Answer 113

A preamble is an explanation of a document, commonly found in contracts, specifications and bills of quantities. It can help with the interpretation of the document. A preamble might include:• A description of the parties to the contract.• A description of the competence (or lack of it) of the parties to the contract. This can be taken to set a general standard for the quality of goods or services expected, or the level of support required.• The background to the document.• A summary of the negotiations.• Tendering procedures.• The objectives of the project.• Other related documents or previous contracts and their relationship to the current document.• It should only include important information and should avoid including or repeating rights or obligations which should be set out in the main body of the document.

Question 114

What are preambles?

Answer 114

A list of quality standards stipulated at the start of the specification that will detail how works should be carried out to achieve the required standard. It will stipulate things such as how to decorate walls and joinery etc. and what materials to use.

Question 115

What is the purpose of the preambles in contract documentation?

Answer 115

An explanation of the document description of the partied, additional information that is relevant to the works, not for pricing

Question 116

What are the Preliminaries ?

Answer 116

Description of the project to allow cost assessment and to specify general conditions and requirements for execution. The Site (description, access, parking). The works, contract conditions such as rectification payments etc. arrangement of the works and working hours, security, health and safety, site set up, welfare provision.

Question 117

What are the Building Regulations 2010?

Answer 117

The first set of national building standards was introduced in 1965. The 'Building Regulations' established standards that had to be achieved in the construction of buildings.

Question 118

What is/are MMC? (Modern Methods of Construction)?

Answer 118

Off site construction menthids that increase control

Question 119

What are modern methods of construction? Provide examples

Answer 119

Construction process using innovative new methods. Often involves pre-fabricated components. They aim to improve efficiency, quality, sustainability and predictability of timelines. Examples include flat packed units which are pre fabricated and delivered on site or assembled on site.

Question 120

What is the RIBA Plan of Works ?

Answer 120

```RIBA Plan of Work 2013 organises the process of briefing, designing, constructing, maintaining, operating and using building projects into a number of key stages.• 0 – Strategic Definition• 1 – Preparation and Brief• 2 – Concept Design• 3 – Developed Design• 4 – Technical Design• 5 – Construction • 6 – Handover and Close Out • 7 – In use.```

Question 121

What Is Stage 0 of the RIBA plan of works ?

Answer 121

Strategic Definition – The best means of achieving the clients requirements confirmed

Question 122

At what stage of the RIBA Plan of Works could you get client approval to the concept ?

Answer 122

Stage 2 Concept Design

Question 123

At what stage would a Building Regulation Application be made ?

Answer 123

Stage 4 Technical Design

Question 124

Explain the key difference between Prescriptive and Performance specifications.

Answer 124

Performance Specifications address the operational requirements of an installation. The focus is on the project outcome, indicating how the final project must be able to function. Prescriptive Specifications contain detailed descriptions of what specific materials must be used as well as the installation instructions.

Question 125

Explain the advantages of a prescriptive specification.

Answer 125

Prescriptive specifications give the client much more certainty about the end product when making investment decisions (such as when they appoint the contractor), and place a greater burden on the designer to ensure proper installation rather than the contractor.

Question 126

Why might you recommend the use of a performance specification?

Answer 126

The performance of the works are specified, the contractor reserves the option of design. Performance specification gives the contractor and suppliers more scope to innovate and adopt cost effective methods of work, potentially offering better value for money.

Question 127

What kinds of specification software are you aware of?

Answer 127

National Building Specification (NBS) − Describes materials, standards and workmanship for construction projects − Also contains preliminaries documents − UK industry Standard − It is used as it provides all the latest legislation and British standards relevant to the works Green spec − Promotes sustainable building products, materials and construction techniques − Edited by practicing architects and specifiers

Question 128

How do you ensure quality within a specification?

Answer 128

Include a preambles detailing materials and workmanship. You can specify the usage of specific products and remove the option of alternative products. Request samples of areas to be completed for approval.

Question 129

Describe the specification of the expansion joint between the new and old brickwork.

Answer 129

NHBC recommend 10mm to be filled with a flexible mastic