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AS Religious Studies > Design Argument > Flashcards

Design Argument Flashcards

1
Q

What type of argument is the DA?

A

Inductive

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2
Q

Why does the DA only a probability proof?

A

Inductive arguments are only probably likely

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3
Q

What three observations did Paley make about the world?

A

Complexity, regularity, purpose

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4
Q

Give an example of complexity in the universe

A

Eye, laws of nature, biological systems

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5
Q

Give an example of regularity in the universe

A

Seasons, orbit of planets

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6
Q

Give an example of purpose in the world

A

Eye, lacteal system, fish gills

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7
Q

What is another name for the design argument?

A

The teleological argument

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8
Q

What does ‘telos’ mean?

A

End goal/purpose

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9
Q

What are inductive arguments?

A

Arguments which use premises to supply strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion

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10
Q

Name of Paley’s book?

A

Natural Theology

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11
Q

What is an analogy?

A

An inference where information or meaning is transferred from one subject to another

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12
Q

Explain the watch analogy

A

A watch had complex parts, each with a function and the parts work together for a specific purpose so the watch must have been designed by a watch maker

The universe has parts that function together for a purpose therefore must have been designed by a universe maker

The universe is far grander than a watch so the designer of the universe must be greater - this is God

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13
Q

What is design qua purpose?

A

Universe appears to fit together for a purpose e.g eye, lacteal system

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14
Q

Finish the quote regarding the lacteal system; “the bitch, the rabbit, the cat, the rat, which have numerous litters,

A

“The paps are numerous .. the most simple account of this is to refer to a designing creator”

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15
Q

What is design qua regularity?

A

Order in the universe such as orbit of planets is evidence of a God

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16
Q

What kind of knowledge is used in the design argument?

A

A posterior

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17
Q

What is an external agent?

A

A metaphysical being

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18
Q

What was the name of Hume’s book?

A

Dialogues concerning natural religion

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19
Q

True or false - Hume criticised Paley’s design argument

A

False - Paley published his work over 20 years after Hume died

20
Q

What is the argument from design?

A

Even if we accept that there is design in the universe, this does not mean that God is the designer

21
Q

What evidence is there to suggest that there is a flawed designer?

A

Evidence of flaws in the universe such as suffering and death

22
Q

Finish Hume’s quote; “This world for all he knows …

A

“Is very faulty and imperfect …. And was only the first rude essay of some infant deity who afterwards abandoned it”

23
Q

What is the God of classical theism?

A

Typically the God of Abrahamic faiths who is omnipotent, omnibenevolent and metaphysical

24
Q

Humes quote on eternity needing a cause

A

“How can anything that exists from eternity have a cause” - God can’t be an eternal being

25
Q

Humes criticisms - there may have been multiple designers

A

“Pantheon of gods”

26
Q

Hume’s criticism - no experience of universe making

A

Humans can only have experience of what they design and create so can only recognise human designed objects e.g ship making

27
Q

Hume’s criticism - vegetable analogy

A

The universe should not be compared to a vast machine, instead compare it to a vegetable - something that grows of its own accord

28
Q

Hume’s criticism - multiple Gods

A

A machine is often made by many hands. The universe was made by multiple Gods

29
Q

Hume’s criticism - ambiguous agents

A

The universe was created by agents who were morally ambiguous who could be unintelligent and/or evil

30
Q

Explain Epicurean hypothesis

A

The universe became ordered from a state of randomness

31
Q

Strength of the design argument - Swinburne’s quote

A

“Simplicity is always evidence for truth”

32
Q

Strength - how can flawed design I.e evil be explained?

A

Evil is unavoidable - free will defence, hick’s soul making theodicy, process theodicy

33
Q

Swinburne on evolution

A

Evolution obeys the laws of science designed by God

34
Q

What is the ‘fine-tuning’ argument?

A

All parts of the universe are fine tuned to ensure human survival

35
Q

Strength - inductive argument

A

Based on what we observe - we do observe appearance of design in the universe

36
Q

Weakness - too great a cause?

A

God is too great a cause than is needed to account for the appearance of design in the universe

37
Q

Weakness - existence of evil

A

There is too much evil in the world to see it as the design of the god of classical theism

38
Q

Weakness - support for vegetable analogy?

A

Evolution supports the idea that the universe is more like a vegetable

39
Q

Weakness - anthropomorphism

A

We have no experience of universe making so our ideas about it are anthropomorphic and limited

40
Q

Define proof

A

There is sufficient evidence for truth of a proposition

41
Q

How can inductive arguments amount to proofs?

A

When all the evidence points to the truth of conclusion

42
Q

How can inductive arguments not prove the existence of god?

A

Evidence provided by the DA does not amount to scientific proof

43
Q

Value - how does the DA support faith by reasoning?

A

Existence of God can be seen through observation without special revelation

44
Q

How can the DA be seen as a reasonable hypothesis?

A

It is one possible interpretation of the evidence - equally as valid as atheist claims

45
Q

No value - what does faith in God involve?

A

A personal commitment

AS Religious Studies (5 decks)

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