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Design History Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What design movement occurred from 1750 - 1850?

A

Industrial Revolution

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2
Q

Name a famous designer and product from this period

A

Boulton and Watt steam engine 1763
Corliss steam engine 1876
Mechanised production

- Isambard Kingdom Brunel 
• Great Western Railway
• Steamships 
• The first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship 
• Bridges and tunnels. 
Clifton Suspension Bridge 1831, 
Paddington Station 1854, 
SS Great Britain 1845
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3
Q

What principles was the industrial revolution based upon?

A
  • Textiles
  • Steam power
  • Iron making
  • Machine tools
  • Gas lighting standardised manufacturing
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4
Q

From 1850 - 1914, what design movement occurred?

A

Arts & Crafts Movement

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5
Q

Name a famous designer and product from this period

A

Crystal Palace (built for the 1851 Great Exhibition) Joseph Paxton

William Morris – “we do not reject the machine, we welcome it, but we would like to see it mastered”

Wiener Werkstatte (Vienna workshop 1903 -1932) (Joseph Hoffman) chair, cutlery and kettle

Charles Rennie Macintosh (Scottish style)

Christopher Dresser – kettles

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6
Q

Name the principles of this period

A

Rebellion against industrial revolution
• Return to craftsmanship
• Valued art in the practice of design
• Preference for simpler, organic forms from nature

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7
Q

What period did the Art Nouveau movement become prominent?

A

1880 - 1940

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8
Q

What is the principle of Art Nouveau?

A

A response to the industrial revolution:
welcomes technical progress
embraces aesthetics of new materials
applying high standards of craftsmanship and design

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9
Q

Famous designers/products?

A

Monceau metro entrance by Hector Guimard
Victor Horta

Alexandre Charpentier 1901

Charles Rennie Macintosh – Scottish art nouveau – liberty chair – willow chair – Glasgow school of art – house for an art lover

Catalan art nouveau - Antoni Gaudí, Casa Batlló, 1877,

Palau Guell gate, 1886, Sagrada Família, 1882 – 2010 (gothic church)

Gustav Klimt (1862-1918) Vienna Secession, Karlsplatz station

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10
Q

What movement occurred from 1897 - 1905?

A

Vienna Secession Modernism

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11
Q

What are the principles of this movement?

A

Utopian desire to create a better world
• Eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts.
• Harmony of form and function
• Dismissal of frivolous ornament minimalism is a design or style where the simplest and fewest elements are used to create the maximum effect

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12
Q

Deutscher Werkbund occurred in what period?

A

1907 - 1935

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13
Q

From 1909-1930, what design movement became prominent?

A

Futurism

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14
Q

And what were there principles?

A

Artistic and social movement originating from Italy. Emphasized futuristic concepts, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car and plane.

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15
Q

Name a designer and product from this period

A

Umberto Boccioni: Forces of the Street 1911
Giacomo Balla 1909
Tullio Crali, 1939
Tullio Crali, 1930
Ivo Pannaggi, Speeding Train (Treno in corsa), 1922
BlastMagazine1915
Antonio Sant’Elia 1912-­‐14

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16
Q

1916 - 1923 period?

A

Dada

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17
Q

1917 - 1935 period?

A

Constructivism

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18
Q

1917 - 1931 period?

A

De Stijl

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19
Q

Define the De Stijl movement

A

Neoplasticism:

  • pure abstraction and universality
  • reduction to the essentials of form and colour
  • simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal directions
  • used only PRIMARY colours and BLACK & WHITE
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20
Q

Name a product and designer of De Stijl

A

Piet Gerit Rietveld – Red and Blue Chair, 1917 – Rietveld Schröder House, 1924

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21
Q

Bauhaus occurred in what period?

22
Q

What were the iterations of Bauhaus?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Weimar from 1919 to 1925,
  • Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and
  • Berlin from 1932 to 1933
23
Q

Who were the directors?

Study These Flashcards
A

Walter Gropius 1919 -­‐ 1928,
Hannes Meyer 1928 -­‐ 1930
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1930 -­‐ 1933,

24
Q

Name a member and product from this movement

Study These Flashcards
A 
Walter Gropius
Miesvander Rohe
Josef Albers
Marianne Brandt
Marcel Breuer
Wassily Kandinsky
Paul Klee
Piet Mondrian
Wilhem Wagenfeld

Barcelona Pavillion by Mies van der Rohe 1929
Barcelona chair by Mies van der Rohe 1929
Marcel Breuer - Vassily chair 1925

25
What movement occurred from 1920-1980?
International Style
26
What were there ideals?
de Stijl movement | Deutscher Werkbund > Bauhaus ideals...
27
What were the principles?
* Ornament is a crime, * Truth to materials, * Form follows function, “houses are machines for living“(Le Corbusier)
28
Name a member and product from this movement
Le Corbusier (Charles-­‐Edouard Jeanneret) – Church of Saint -­‐ Pierre, Firminy, France - Unité d’Habitation, Berlin, 1957 - Chapel of Note-Dame-Du‐Haut, Ronchamp, 1950-­‐54 Chaise longue, 1928 Charlotte Perriand, Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret LC1 chair 1929 Eileen Gray Bibendum Chair, 1921 Philip Johnson Glass House, 1949 - Crystal Cathedral 1981
29
Art Deco post modernism occurred when?
1920 - 1939
30
Describe this movement
Influential visual arts design style eclectic style combining traditional craft motifs with Machine Age imagery. Characterized by rich colours, bold geometric shapes, and lavish ornamentation
31
Name a product and famous designer from this era
Des Arts Décora'fset Industriels Modernes Paris1925 René La lique Spirit of the Wind Hoover Building, London 1933 William Van Alen, Chrysler Building, 1928 Empire State Building Joseph Strauss -­‐ Golden Gate Bridge, 1933 Eric Slater, Vogue Red Blocks cup and saucer, 1930 F Gregory Brown, furnishing fabric, 1922
32
From 1930 - 1955, what movement occurred?
Streamline Moderne
33
What are the principles of streamline moderne?
Its architectural style emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements.
34
What famous designers/products originate from this era?
Raymond Loewy “the father of industrial design” = “the man who shaped America” Robert Heller, Airflow Fan, 1937 Harold L. Van Doren, Skippy-­‐Racer, 1933 Kem Weber, Lounge Chair, 1934 Alfons Mauser, 1939 Hawley Bowlus, Airstream Clipper, 1936 Bowlus Road Chief, 1935 Harley Earl “If you go by a school and the kids don’t whistle, back to the drawing board”. Harley Earl, Buick Le Sabre, 1954 1956 Oldsmobile Golden Rocket Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome – Montreal world expo Norman Bel Geddes
35
What design movement exists from 1945 until this very day?
Contemporary
36
When did Brutalism first appear?
1950 - 1975
37
What are the principles?
Typically massive in character with a predominance of exposed concrete architecture that communicated strength, functionality, and expresses materiality and reacts to the lightness, optimism, and frivolity of 1930s and 1940s architecture "brutalism" is not derived from the word "brutal", but originates from the French béton brut, or "raw concrete”.
38
Designers/products?
Richard Sheppard Brunel Lecture Centre 1965 Ernő Goldfinger, Trellick Tower, 1966 - 1972 William Pereira UCSD’s Geisel Library 1970
39
The Pop era occurred when?
1958 - 1972
40
What does the Pop movement involve?
Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc. Pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it. Pop art employs aspects of mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects. It is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then dominant ideas of abstract expressionism.
41
Name a designer and product from this era
Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup I (1968) "Everyone will be famous for 15 minutes". Roy Lichtenstein “wham” jet plane painting and woman on phone George Nelson – lips sofa Eero Aarnio – ball chair 1963 Verner Panton – living tower Gruppo strum pantone, 1966
42
Post moderne design existed when?
1965 - present
43
What does it employ?
Use of sculptural forms, ornaments, anthropomorphism and materials which perform trompe l'oeil.
44
Product and designer names
Robert Venturi, Vanna Venturi house 1964 Robert Venturi, Vanna Venturi house 1964 Edmond and Corrigan, RMIT, Melbourne 1993 Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpar Jeff Koons Michael Graves – Alessi bird kettle, steigenberger hotel ALESSI
45
1981-1988:
Memphis
46
Explain the Memphis group
The Memphis Group was an Italian design and architecture group founded in Milan by Ettore Sottsass in 1981 - aim: total rule breaking. The name was taken from the Bob Dylan song Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again
47
Name a member and product from Memphis
``` Members: • Alessandro Mendini • Andrea Branzi • Michele de Lucchi • Michael Graves • Shiro Kuramata Ettore Sottsass – CARLTON SIDEBOARD Michele de Lucchi – Memphis lamp Martine Bedin – super lamp 1981 ```
48
And finally, what design movement exists from 1980 - present?
Deconstructivism
49
Describe this movement
Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture. It is characterized by fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a structure's surface or skin, non-­‐rectilinear shapes which appear to distort and dislocate elements of architecture. Unpredictability and controlled chaos
50
List a product and designer
Frank Gehry – Disney concert hall, 2003 Daniel Libeskind – Imperial war museum north Lab architects – federation square, Melbourne 2002

Design Process 1 (10 decks)

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