design movements Flashcards
(27 cards)
art movements in order
arts and crafts (1880-1910)
art nouveau (1890-1914)
modernism (1900-1930)
art deco (1925-1939)
streamlining (1935-1955)
post modernism (1975+)
arts and crafts philosophy
It arrived due to the industrial revolution where large machines made lots of low quality products cheaply. William Morris (the founder) wanted to bring back high quality products made by high skilled workers by hand. He set up Morris, Marsal, Faulkner and co.
who was William Morris
he was the leader of the socialist league and financed their journal to help gain socialism popularity ( socialism called for public ownership of resources over private). he was once arrested protecting a leather working in court and went on many socialist demonstrations. once said “Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful or believe to be beautiful”
arts and crafts style
heavy emphasis on simplistic natural patterns and muted natural colours as well as leaving small imperfections to show it was hand made. however it also lead to experimentation with materials leading to small ornate artefacts. Natural materials like stone wool and linen were manly used and sourced locally
the red house
this is a cottage house that Morris designed both the exterior and interior of, which was different for its time. It contained all arts and crafts products and was very intricate and made from brick.
arts and crafts example
the trellis wall paper:
made on a larger scale but using block printing of hand carved wooden blocks that were aligned by hand for each colour to ensure high quality. It depicted vines growing through a wooden trellis with birds. all neutral colours and depicted nature
Art nouveau philosophy
it was inspired by natural forms and structures rather than just flowers and vines, but also often in the female figure and took strong influences from Japanese architecture with blocky screens and the strong outlined block paintings. It was popularised in a gallery in Paris hence the French name
Who was Charles Rennie Mackintosh
He was a Scottish architect and designer who designed the Glasgow school of Art. He was heavily influenced by both Japanese culture with the square screens as seen in the schools large windows as well as Celtic culture with his work often including Celtic knot inspired patterns
Art Nouveau style
it was still heavily influenced by nature, with lots of vine like patterns, but was far more intricate and ornate that the arts and crafts movement. It often included the use of lots of wrought iron to represent vines and nature as well as colourful stained glass windows.
Hill house chair
made by Mackintosh, and it looks very angular unlike the rest of the nouveau style this is due to the heavy Japanese influence from the wall dividers
Modernism philosophy
FUNCTION OVER FORM - Mies van de Rohe (Bauhaus director) said “less is more”
they believed that products should all have geometric purity and be designed solely for their simplicity of use. it also called for the use of recently developed materials found during WW1
Bauhaus philosophy
it was a German school of arts and design, the first of its time to do both, this allowed it to design highly functional but also beautiful products that could be made on a large scale, it had multiple different departments for metal and woodworking to sculpture and sewing. It was eventually pressured to shut down in 1930 due to Nazi pressure as they didn’t like their freedom or the amount of foreign students it employed. Walter Gropius (founder) fled to America and popularised the movement over there
modernist style
simplistic functional designs with little colour or flare but instead focused on geometric purity and used lots of modern materials such as concrete and stainless steel
Cesca chair
was a chair made from one single stainless steel tube that was bent into a frame and had two simple pads to hold the person. This design was only possible due to advances in pipe making, with them being extruded rather than welded while previously if bent they would simply buckle. they were designed as part of the Barcelona pavilion to display the modernist style
art deco philosophy
it flourished post war in America and the west as people were seeking change after WW1 and wanted more sophistication and modernity, it included lots of glamorous and rich designs
Van Allen - Chrysler building
who was Eileen gray
She began as a painter before switching to making art deco furniture and she often combined sweeping curves with hard edges and this was often encompassed in sunburst motif’s
Bibendum armchair
a sleek stainless steel lower frame with a large cushioned sweeping top which looked very glamorous and inviting, with the name coming from the Michelin man
E-1027 villa
was designed by Gray and contained lots of her work such as the bibendum chair and E-1027 table. It was a simple white house with an elevated balcony, she thought that le corbusier ruined it with a mural showing the need for purity. But it hides a flashy secret with the name being code with E for Eileen, 10 for J for Jean, 2 for B for Badovici and 7 for G for Gray showing that from the outside it looks simple but is in fact very complex
art deco style
lots of geometric tessellating patterns with bold contrasting colours often including expensive materials like marble with metal highlights as well as lots of large intricate curves (sunburst motifs)
Streamlining Philosophy
began during WW2 where development of aircraft led to aerodynamic studies showing that pebble shaped objects were far more efficient, this lead to the development of better cars compared to the boxy cars of the time
who is Raymond Loewy
Known as the “father of industrial design”, his idea was that if two machines functioned the exact same but one looked better it would sell more and sell for more. He used this in all areas designing vehicles such as the greyhound bus and the S1 locomotive to company logo’s like shell. This eventually spread to normal household items. He once said “ugliness does not sell”
S1 train
it was the largest steam locomotive ever produced and used large formed and welded body panels, this not only made it more streamlined but the lack of the thousands of bolts on regular trains made maintenance and assembly much quicker
Streamlining style
designs with lots of curves and a teardrop shape - no hard edges. It also had lots of elongated lines through the whole design and could even have nautical themes
Post modernism
this was designed after a long time of fashion and many rules for product design, so it was designed to challenge that and break all the rules. It was form over function with groups like Memphis making silly and totally dysfunctional products. With there name coming from a Bob Dylan song played during their first meeting showing how silly it was. “less is bore” - Robert Venturi
