Design Technology Key terms Flashcards by Irene Esquer Paez

Interval Data

based on numerical scales
- order and difference between value

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Nominal data scale

classification of objects by name into groups

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Ordinal data

Rank a set of data points, deals with order and position
e.g. words, letters

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Qualitative data

Descriptive data (depth)
useful for small groups

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Quantitative data

Recorded using numbers
e.g. height, sizes

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Combined Heat and power
(CHP)

system generates heat and electricity from combustion or solar.

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Converging Technologies

merging nanotechnology and biotechnology + information +cognitive science

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End-of-pipe Technologies

Technology to reduce pollutants and waste at end of processes

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Individual energy Generation

individual using devices to create small amounts of energy = run low energy products

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Linear economy

Economy based on
-make
-use
-dispose

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Local Combines heat and Power (CHP)

CHP plants generate for communities

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Quantification of Carbon emissions

Defining numerically C02 emissions of a product

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Radical solutions

New project devised
- going back to problem and new solution

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system level solutions

solutions for a whole system, not just components

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Precautionary Principle

anticipating problems
e.g. impact of product

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Waste mitigation Process

strategy used to reduce waste by product
e.g. disposal

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Bottom-up modelling

creates separate designs which are then brought together to prototype

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Conceptual Modelling

model which exists in the mind
-help us understand ideas

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Data modelling

model determines structure of data

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Fidelity (product)

How much prototype looks like final product

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Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

calculations + simulation of unknown factors in products using CAD

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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

3D printing technique
- melts layers on a bed

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Haptic Technology

Emerging technology
- interfaces with user via touch

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Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)

virtually slices 3D CAD models into thin layers
- cuts layers
- assembled to make model

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Mock-ups

Scale/full-sized representation of product - gain feedback

Part drawings

Orthographic drawings of components with details

Perspective Drawings

formal drawings techniques depicts object further or closer away One point two point three point

Physical Modelling

Smaller/larger tangible models - interacted with

Projection drawings

accurate drawings Isometric -> formal drawing technique Orthographic ->working drawing technique

Scale drawings

smaller/bigger but proportions are correct

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

additive manu. technique - uses laser to fuse materials into mass = 3D model

Solid Modelling

Clear representation of final - complete set of data for product to be realised

Stereo-lithography

Creates 3D models layer by layer by hardening molecules of liquid polymer with laser

Surface modelling

realistic picture of final model - no data about interior

Top-down modelling

design originates from concept - gradually evolves into product

Virtual Prototyping

Photorealistic CAD based models -digital mock-ups -interacted with

Working Drawings

guide production of product e.g. orthographical projection or assembly

Creep (Metals)

slow + permanent deformation

Creosote

Material penetrates timber -protection

Electro-rheostatic

fluid which changes viscosity in an electric field

Machine to Machine (M2M)

wired/wireless communication between devices

One-off production

Individual prototype for larger scale production

Piezoelectricity

Smart material property - gives off small electric discharge when deformed

Pultrusion

Continuous manu. process - create composite materials - fibres reinforced with resin

Work hardening

Toughening metal through plastic deformation

Young Modulus

measure of stiffness -elastic material - defined by stress/strain

Analogy (inn. strategies)

idea from one context used to stimulate ideas for solving problems in another context

Radical Innovation

introduces new ideas which is very different - high risk

Suppression (Markets)

idea of product by the market is slowed down

Conflict + Compromise

Team (multi-disciplinary) = conflict which has to be solved by compromise

Retro styling

design which uses past form or decoration

Affinity Diagramming

tool used to organise ideas

Anti-personae

profile of who the product is not targeted at

Reflective design

evokes personal memory e.g. message, use, culture

Visceral Design

Design which people have expectations of e.g. its use

Macro energy Sustainability

large scale energy production from non-exhausting sources

Micro energy Sustainability

Small scale energy production from non-exhausting sources

Perceptual mapping

tool to quickly compare products from similar market

Pioneering strategy

Being first to market with new innovation

Kaizen

Culture of continuous improvements - long-term strategy

Quality Assurance (QA)

covers from design to documentation. Regulation of quality e.g. raw materials

Quality Control (QC)

Development process to ensure product meets customer's expectations

Statistical Process Control (SPC)

QC tool that uses statistical methods - ensures process is operating efficiently

Value stream mapping

analyse current + future processes from production to delivery