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Anatomy Module IV > Detailed Exploration of the Skull > Flashcards

Detailed Exploration of the Skull Flashcards

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1
Q

cranial base - inferior view

A

norma basalis

anterior intermediate middle and posterior region

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2
Q

Orbital plates of the frontal bone

A

convex elevations on the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
they separate the anterior cranial fossa from the orbits

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3
Q

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

A

separates the anterior cranial fossa from the nasal cavity.

IT HAS PERFORATIONS THAT TRANSMIT OLFACTORY NERVE FIBERS CN-1 INTO THE NASAL CAVITY

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4
Q

crista galli

A

in anterior cranial fossa - this is a median crest-like elevation that projects upward and provides attachment for the FALX CEREBRI - in a sagittal section can see this elevation from ethmoid bone up

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5
Q

spenoid bone and the anterior cranial fossa

A

LESSER WING contributes the anterior cranial fossa

and the ANTERIOR PART OF THE BODY OF SPHENOID contributes to the mid-region of the anterior cranial fossa

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6
Q

sphenoid bone contribution to the middle cranial fossa

A

BODY OF SPHENOID contributes tot he middle cranial fossa and includes the chiasmatic groove/sulcus and the sella turcia

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7
Q

chiasmatic groove/sulcus

A

in the middle cranial fossa - this is the general location of optic chiasm

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8
Q

sella turcica and what it includes

A

in the middle cranial fossa- forms a large part of the body of the sphenoid. similar to the shape of a saddle
INCLUDES
- tuberculum sellae
- hypogloseal (pituitary)fissa
- dorsum sellae with the posterior clinoid processes

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9
Q

tuberculum sellae

A

a bony elevation immediatley posterior to the chiasmatic groove

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10
Q

hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

A

deepest part of the sella turcica and accommodates the pituitary gland

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11
Q

dorsum sellae

A

posterior plate of bone that forms the posterior boundary of the sella turcica (back of saddle) and the POSTERIOR CLINOID PROCESS extends posteriorly from both ends of the dorsum sellae

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12
Q

posterior clinoid process

A

extensions off the posterior aspect of the dorsum sellae on either side and PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR THE TENTORIUM CEREBELLI

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13
Q

anterior clinoid processes

A

in the middle cranial fossa and is the posterior extensions of the LESSER WING of the spenoid bone and provides attachment for the TENTORIUM CEREBELLI

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14
Q

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

A

in the middle cranail fossa it contributes to the floor of the middle cranial fossa - can be seen on the lateral and inferior surfaces of the skull)

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15
Q

openings of the spenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa

A

optic canal and superior oribital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum

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16
Q

optic canal

A

in the middle cranial fossa and pierces the sphenoid bone

passes forward to the orbit to transmit the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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17
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

crescent shaped gap between the greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
communicates with the orbit and transmits cranial nerves III, -IV, VI, and V1 and the opthalamic vein

in the middle cranial fossa

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18
Q

foramen rotundum

A

in the middle cranial fossa of the sphenoid bone

located posterior to the superior orbital fissure and transmits the maxillary nerve -V2 to the pterygopalatine fossa

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19
Q

foramen ovale

A

in the middle cranial fossa of the sphenoid bone and transmits the mandibular nerve V3 and accessory meningeal artery to the infratemporal fossa

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20
Q

foramen spinosum

A

in the middle cranial fossa and associated with the sphenoid bone
transmits the middle meningeal artery and nervous spinosus to the infratemporal fossa

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21
Q

openings with contributions from the sphenoid and temporal bones

A

carotid canal and the foramen lacerum

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22
Q

carotid canal

A

INTERNAL OPENING

  • found at the junction between the greater wing of sphenoid and petrous portion of the temporal bone
  • transmits the internal carotid artery and plexus
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23
Q

foramen lacerum

A

associated with the middle cranial fossa

  • bound by the sphenoid bone (body and greater wing) and the APEX OF THE PETROUS TEMPORAL BONE.
  • the lower margin of this opening is filled with cartilage in life and contributes to the floor of the carotid canal
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24
Q

temporal bones morphological distinct regions

A

squamous, petrous, mastoid, tympanic, and styloid

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25
morphologically distinct regions of the temporal bone contributing to the middle cranial fossa
SQUAMOUS | PETROUS
26
openings associated with the temporal bone in middle cranial fossa
hiatus and groove for the greater petrosal nerve hiatus and groove for the lesser petrosal nerve
27
hiatus and groove for the greater petrosal nerve
in the middle cranial fossa and associated with the temporal bone - on the anterior slope of the petrous temporal ridge and the groove can be FOLLOWED TOWARD THE FORAMEN LACERUM - the hiatus and groove transmit the greater petrosal nerve
28
hiatus and groove for the lesser petrosal nerve
located anterior and parallel tot he greater hiatus and groove leads TOWARD THE FORAMEN OVALE and transmits the lesser petrosal nerve
29
clivus
in the posterior cranial fossa comprised of the sphenoid body behind the dorsum sellae and basilar part of the occipital bone. the clivus slopes posteriorly and inferiorly to end at the anterior margin of the foramen magnum
30
squamous part of the occipital bone
borders the foramen magnum posteriorly posterior cranial fossa
31
internal occipital protruberance
midline posterior elevation at the posterior pole of the internal aspect of the occipital bone; location of the confluence of sinuses posterior cranial fossa
32
petrous part of the temporal bone
in the posterior cranial fossa | forms the anterolateral wall fo the posterior cranial fossa
33
openings of the posterior cranial fossa
foramen magnum hypoglossal canal jugular foramen internal acoustic meatus
34
foramen magnum
large opening through which the medulla is continuous with the spinal cord posterior cranial fossa
35
hypoglossal canal
located at the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum (at approx. 10 and 2 o'clock) it runs anterolateral and transmits the CNxII hypoglossal nerve posterior cranial fossa
36
jugular foramen
large opening at the margin of fthe petro-occipital fissure (between temporal bone and occipital) that transmits CN IX and X and XI as well as the sigmoid sinus, which is continuous with the internal jugular vein posterior cranial fossa
37
internal acoustic
lies on the posterior slope of the petrous temporal ridge above the jugular foramen passing through this opening toward the inner ear are CN VII and VIII as well as the labyrinthine/interanal auditory vessels
38
normal basalis
inferior view of cranial base
39
imaginary lines of the norma basalis/inferior view of the cranial base
anterior transverse line - posterior transverse line these pass through several key structures and also divide the base of the skull into anterior, intermediate, and posterior regions
40
anterior transverse line
passes through the right and left articular eminences (the rounded ridge of bone that forms the anterior limit of the mandibular fossa)
41
posterior transverse line
passes along the anterior margin of the foramen magnum
42
hard palate made from
two pairs of bones palatine process of the maxilla (2) (forms the ANTERIOR 2/3 OF PALATE) AND Horizontal plate of the palatine bone (2) forms the posterior 1/3 of the palate, ending posteriorlyt as a doiuble crescent-shaped free border anterior region of the norma basalis
43
posterior nasal spine
a midline posterior projection from the posterior border of the bony palate in the anterior region of the norma basalis
44
incisive fossa
located posterior to the central incisors there are lateral incisive foramina that lead to incisive canals and floor of the nasal cavity transmits the NASOPALATINE NERVE AND SPHENOPALATINE VESSELS
45
the greater palatine canal passes to...
the greater palatine foramen and the lesser palatine foramen in the anterior region of the norma basalis
46
greater palatine foramen
greater palatine canal passes to this located at the posterior margin of the palatomaxillary suture, in line with the 3rd maxillary molar and transmits the greater palatine nerve and vessels
47
lesser palatine foramen
typically there are two and are located posterior to the greater palatine foramen and within the PYRAMIDAL PROCESS OF THE PALATINE BONE. transmit branches of the lesser palatine nerve and vessels in anterior view of the norma basalis
48
posterior choanae | aka
posterior nasal apertures represent the posterior limits of the nasal cavity in the anterior
49
vomer
forms the posterior free edge of the bony nasal septum and separates the two posterior nasal aperatures anterior region
50
pterygoid process of spenoid bone
includes the lateral and medial pterygoid plates and an intervening space, the pterygoid fossa in anterior region
51
lateral pterygoid plate
provides attachment for both the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
52
medial pterygoid plate and what does it have
contributes to the lateral nasal wall (posterior) has scaphoid fossa and hamulus in anterior region
53
scaphoid fossa
canoe- shaped shallow depression at the base of the medial pterygoid palte. the tensor veli palatini muscle originate from this area in anterior region
54
hamulus
delicate hook-like inferior extension from the medial plate around which the tendon of the tensor veli palatini passes in anterior region
55
openings associated with anterior normal basalis
pterygoid canal | palatovaginal canal
56
pterygoid canal
the opening to the canal is located at the base of the medial pterygoid plate the canal transmits the nerve and artery of the pterygoid canal AKA vidian nerve and artrey to the pterygopalatine fossa
57
palatovaginal canal
superiorly the medial pterygoid plate is prolonged as the vaginal process which contributes to the formation of the palatovaginal canal the palatovaginal canal transmits the pharyngeal nerve and artery
58
structures and openings associated with the sphenoid bone in the intermediate region of the norma basalis
``` greater wing of sphenoid foramen ovale foramen spinosum spine of the sphenoid groove of the auditory tube foramen lacerum ```
59
greater wing of spenoid in intermediate region
extends laterally from the pterygoid process and spans both the anterior and intermediate regions articulates with the squamous temporal bone laterally and petrous temporal bone posteriorly
60
foramen ovale of the intermediate region
located in the greater wing of the sphenoid, near the posterior margin of the lateral pterygoid plate Transmits V3 and the accessory meningeal artery
61
foramen spinosum
in the intermediate region | located in the greater wing of the sphenoid and transmits middle meningeal artery and nervus spinosus
62
spine of the sphenoid
in the intermediate region an inferior bony projection from the greater wing, located posterolateral to the foramen spinosum the spheno-mandibular ligament passes from the spine to the lingula of the mandible
63
groove for the auditory tube
identified where the posterior margin of the great wing of the sphenoid meets the anterior margin of the petrous tmeporal bone in intermediate region
64
foramen lacerum
"space" bordered by the petrous temporal, sphenoid, and basilar occipital bones is occupied by cartilage in life and forms a portion of the floor of the carotid canal small emissary veins pass through the cartilage in the intermediate region
65
structures associated with the temporal bone in the intermediate region
mandibular fossa tympanic plate external acoustic meatus/canal with two fissures squamotympanic fissure and petrotympanic fissure
66
mandibular fossa
accommodates the condyle of the mandible in intermediate and associated with temporal bone
67
tympanic plate
contributes to the external acoustic meatus and the posterior (non-functioning) wall of mandibular fossa in intermediate and associated with temporal bone
68
external acoustic meatus/ canal and assocuated features
located posterior to the mandibular fossa and two fissures squamotympanic fissure - between the squamous and tympanic portions of the temporal bone petrotympanic fissure - between the petrous and tympanic portions of the temporal bone in intermediate and associated with temporal bone
69
structures associated with the occipital bone in the intermediate region
basilar part of occipital bone and pharyngeal tubercle
70
basilar part of occipital bone
located immediately posterior to the vomer and spenoid bone and extends to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum in intermediate region of occipital bone
71
pharyngeal tubercle
a small midline elevation; is the attachment site for one of the muscles of the pharynx in intermediate region of the occipital bone
72
from lateral to medial the features crossed by the posterior transverse line plus other features associated with posterior line
styloid process mastoid process stylomastoid foramen jugular foramen carotid canal (entrance) tympanic canaliculus
73
styloid process
a long, slender, needle-like process the stylohyoid ligament passes from the styloid process to the hyoid bone. it also provides attachment for several muscles posterior line region
74
mastoid process
mastoid air cell occupy this process and communicate with the tympanic cavity posterior line region
75
stylomastoid foramen
an opening located between the stylopid and mastoid processes and traversed by the facial nerve CN VII posterior line region
76
jugular foramen
a large opening at the margin of the petro-occipital fissure that transmits CN -IX, X, and XI as well as the sigmoid sinus (which is continous with the internal jugular vein) posterior line region
77
carotid canal (entrance)
located in the temporal bone immediately anterior to the jugular foramen and separated from the jugular foramen by a small wedge of bone associated with the posterior line region
78
tympanic canaliculus
a small opening located at the wedge of bone separating the carotid canal and the jugular foramen. this transmits the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX associated with the posterior line region
79
structures and openings associated with the occipital bone in the posterior region
foramen magnum occipital condyle hypoglossal canal
80
foraman magnum
large mideline opening bordered by the occipital bone in the posterior region
81
occipital condyles
located on the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum provides articular surface with the atlas in the posterior region
82
hypoglossal canal
located near the anterior region of the occipital condyle at about 10 and 2 o'clock traverses the occipital bone and contains the hypoglossal nerve - CN XII in the posterior region of the norma basalis

Anatomy Module IV (12 decks)

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