determinants of bone health and homeostasis

Question 1

nutrition for the muscular system

Answer 1

-minerals
-vitamins
-hormones

Question 2

minerals

Answer 2

-calcium/phosphorus
-potassium/sodium
-sulphur

Question 3

calcium/phosphorus

Answer 3

needed for muscle contraction

Question 4

potassium/sodium

Answer 4

needed for muscle contraction

Question 5

sulphur

Answer 5

-needed for muscle proteins

Question 6

vitamins

Answer 6

-vitamin C
-vitamin D

Question 7

vitamin C

Answer 7

to synthesise collagen (for muscle protein)

Question 8

Vitamin D

Answer 8

-increases calcium absorption from GI tract
-needed for muscle regeneration

Question 9

hormones

Answer 9

-growth hormone (GH)
-oestrogens and testosterone

Question 10

growth hormone

Answer 10

-general growth of all tissues via IGF

Question 11

oestrogens and testosterone

Answer 11

-stimulate muscle growth during adolescence

Question 12

what affect of decreasing sex hormones have on muscle tissue

Answer 12

-decreasing sex hormones due to older age
-reduces muscle tissue

Question 13

slow oxidative fibers myoglobin content

Answer 13

high

Question 14

slow oxidative fibers nuclei

Answer 14

multi nucleated

Question 15

slow oxidative fibers filament organisation

Answer 15

striated

Question 16

slow oxidative fibers type of respiration

Answer 16

aerobic respiration

Question 17

slow oxidative fibers speed of contraction

Answer 17

slow

Question 18

slow oxidative fibers duration of contraction

Answer 18

long

Question 19

slow oxidative fibers resistance to fatigue

Answer 19

high

Question 20

slow oxidative fibers twitch

Answer 20

slow twitch

Question 21

slow oxidative fibers function

Answer 21

endurance activities eg. running a marathon

Question 22

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers myoglobin content

Answer 22

high

Question 23

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers nuclei

Answer 23

multi nucleated

Question 24

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers filament organisation

Answer 24

striated

Question 25

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers types of respiration

Answer 25

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 26

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers speed of concentration

Answer 26

fast

Question 27

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers duration of contraction

Answer 27

brief

Question 28

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers resistance to fatigue

Answer 28

moderate

Question 29

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers twitch

Answer 29

fast twitch

Question 30

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers function

Answer 30

short periods of intense activity eg strength training or throwing a javelin

Question 31

fast glyocolytic fibers myoglobin

Answer 31

low

Question 32

fast glyocolytic fibers nuclei

Answer 32

multi nucleated

Question 33

fast glyocolytic fibers filament organisation

Answer 33

striated

Question 34

fast glyocolytic fibers type of respiration

Answer 34

glycolysis

Question 35

fast glyocolytic fibers speed of concentration

Answer 35

fast and strong

Question 36

fast glyocolytic fibers duration of contraction

Answer 36

short

Question 37

fast glyocolytic fibers resistance to fatigue

Answer 37

low

Question 38

fast glyocolytic fibers twitch

Answer 38

fast twitch

Question 39

fast glyocolytic fibers function

Answer 39

short periods of intense activity eg strength training or throwing a javelin

Question 40

anabolic steroids

Answer 40

-introduced to treat anaemia, muscle-wasting diseases, to prevent muscle atrophy -increases isometric strength and body weight

Question 41

what are the affects of taking anabolic steroids

Answer 41

-acne -hair loss -infertility -liver damage -cancer -high cholesterol -risk of depression -risk of delusions risk of violent behaviour

Question 42

sedentary lifestyle

Answer 42

-posture maintenance moves from slow twitch to fast twitch muscle fibres resulting in muscle fatigue -poorer blood circulation in compressed areas -increased stress on ligaments, joint capsules, thickening of connective tissues

Question 43

how can we improve a sedentary lifestyle?

Answer 43

-exercise, particularly stretching and yoga -exercise also improves balance and reduced risk injury