Determinants of Health

Question 1

Define Determinants

Answer 1

Any factor that can increase the chance of ill health or good health in a population

Question 2

What are the 3 broad Categories of Determinants

Answer 2

. Individual
. Environmental
. Social

Question 2

Individual Category

Answer 2

Biological characteristics and behaviours

Question 3

Environmental category

Answer 3

Housing, climate and geographical location

Question 4

Social category

Answer 4

Education, income, social connection, gender, ethnicity

Question 5

Individual determinants: biological

Answer 5

. Genes: genetic disorders, heredity

. body structure and formation

. Ageing

. Biological sex

Question 6

Individual determinants: Behavioural

Answer 6

. Modifiable individual beliefs and behaviours: diet, tobacco use etc

Question 7

Individual determinants: environmental

Answer 7

. Natural environment: water and air quality, climate and geography

. Built environment: housing quality, green space etc

. Food safety: contamination, food security

Question 8

Scio-economic determinants: social

Answer 8

Relationships and connection
family
community involvement
culture
gender
language
social position

Question 9

Scio-economic determinants: economic

Answer 9

education
literacy and health literacy
occupation
employment status
income
wealth
living standards

Question 10

What is Social Determinants of health

Answer 10

Circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, age and systems put in place to deal with illness

Question 11

What are the SDH

Answer 11

Healthy childhood
development

Social support networks

Education literacy

Employment and working conditions

Social environments

Physical environments

Health practices, coping skills

Health services, resources

Cultural strengths, values, beliefs, needs and gender

Biological genetic characteristics

Question 12

SDH in nursing practice

Answer 12

Holistic, Person centred care

largest group of health care professionals

raise awareness about social determinants of health and promote health

identify health risks

develop your knowledge

refer to community services and provide follow up

educate fellow health care professionals

Question 13

What is the definition of disease?

Answer 13

A condition adversely affecting health that has measurable (clinical) symptoms.

Question 14

How is illness defined?

Answer 14

A condition adversely affecting health as perceived by the individual.

Question 15

What is a determinant in the context of health?

Answer 15

Any factor that can increase the chances of ill health (risk factors) or good health (protective factors) in a population or individual.

Question 16

List the three broad categories of health determinants.

Answer 16

• Individual - biological characteristics and behaviours
• Environmental - housing, climate, geographical location
• Social - education, income, social connection, gender, ethnicity

Question 17

What are fixed individual attributes in biological determinants?

Answer 17

• Genes
• Body structure and functioning
• Aging
• Biological sex

Question 18

Give examples of biological determinants.

Answer 18

• Heredity
• Genetic disorders (e.g., cystic fibrosis)
• Bone density
• Cholesterol and glucose regulation

Question 19

What are modifiable individual beliefs and behaviours in health?

Answer 19

• Diet
• Tobacco use
• Immunisation
• Alcohol and other drug use
• Physical activity
• Sexual practices
• Hygiene
• Sun protection
• Health screening
• Health care service use

Question 20

What factors are included in the natural environment as health determinants?

Answer 20

• Water and air quality
• Climate and geography

Question 21

What are the socio-economic determinants of health?

Answer 21

• Relationships and connections
• Education
• Income
• Employment status
• Access to health services

Question 22

What is defined as health equity?

Answer 22

Having the opportunities to achieve complete health regardless of their socioeconomic level.

Question 23

What are the ten social and economic factors that affect health outcomes?

Answer 23

• Social gradient
• Stress
• Early life
• Social exclusion
• Work
• Unemployment
• Social support
• Addiction
• Food
• Transport

Question 24

What is the impact of the social gradient on health?

Answer 24

A lower socioeconomic level results in less favourable health outcomes and higher rates of disability and death.

Question 25

True or False: Health outcomes improve as one moves up the social gradient.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

What are the main components of the social determinants of health?

Answer 26

* Economic policies and systems * Social policies * Political systems

Question 27

What is the significance of health services resources?

Answer 27

Having adequate access to health services and resources directly affects health and wellbeing.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The causes of health inequities are often referred to as _______.

Answer 28

[social determinants of health].

Question 29

What are the health outcomes for Australians living in rural and remote areas?

Answer 29

* Poorer access to healthcare services * Higher levels of mortality and morbidity * Travel greater distances for health services

Question 30

How does gender influence health determinants?

Answer 30

* Gender identity * Gender inequality * Harmful gender norms

Question 31

What should health policy address to improve health outcomes?

Answer 31

The social and economic determinants of health.

Question 32

What role do nurses play in addressing social determinants of health?

Answer 32

* Integral in holistic, person-centred nursing practice * Change agents for improving health and decreasing inequities

Question 33

What is the difference in life expectancy between high and low-income countries?

Answer 33

A difference of 18 years.

Question 34

What is meant by biological embedding in health outcomes?

Answer 34

The influence of biological factors on health outcomes shaped by social determinants.