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Primary health care Flashcards

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1
Q

What is primary health care

A

Whole of society approach to health that aims at ensuring the highest possible level of health and wellbeing focusing on peoples needs from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care

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2
Q

What is the philosophy behind primary health care

A

health is acknowledged as a fundamental right and an individual and collective responsibility, founded on the social model of health

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3
Q

What factors shape a persons health according to the primary health care approach

A

Biological, social group and family influences, community factors, economic and environmental influences, and broader public

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3
Q

What is the benefits of primary health care for the health system?

A

reduces demand on health services, delivers care where people need in, and is cost-effective

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4
Q

What was the significance f the ALMA Ata Declaration (1978)?

A

it changed the focus from disease control to prevention and defined primary health care essential health care accessible to all

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5
Q

What does the WHOs global strategy for health for all by the year 2000 (1981) entail?

A

it aims for all people to attain the highest possible level of health and access to primary health care

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6
Q

What is the Ottowa charter for health promotion (1986)

A

It defined health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

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7
Q

What is the difference between equality and equity in health care?

A

Equality means giving everyone the same care, while equity involves distributing resources based on need

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8
Q

What is social justice in context to health care?

A

it refers to the fair distribution of society’s benefits and responsibilities, ensuring equitable access for all

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9
Q

What is empowerment in health care?

A

The process of working with individuals and communities to achieve goals, promoting participation and control

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10
Q

What dies the Universal Declaration of Human Rights state regarding health?

A

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for health and wellbeing including food, clothing, housing and medical care

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11
Q

What is the significance of the declaration of Astana (2018)?

A

it marked the 40th anniversary of the Alma Ata declaration, reaffirming the importance of primary health care

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12
Q

What is the aim of the sustainable development goals (2015) in relation to health?

A

to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

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13
Q

What does the term ‘new public health’ refer to

A

it embodies primary health care emphasises health promotion as a key component

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14
Q

What is meant by ‘self-reliance and self-determination’ in primary health care

A

the ability of communities to participate fully in health care decisions and processes that affect them

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15
Q

How does primary health care relate to community health

A

it brings health care as close as possible to where people live and work, constituting the first level of contact with the health system

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16
Q

What is the role of community participation in primary health care

A

it ensures that health care is accessible, acceptable, and affordable, reflecting the needs and preferences of the community

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17
Q

Why is it important to ensure equity before enjoying equality

A

equity addresses the disparities in health care access and outcomes, ensuring that everyone has the same starting point

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18
Q

What us the impact of socioeconomic status on health according to the notes

A

the greater the gap between the poor and the rich, the worse the health status

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19
Q

What does the Ottowa charter emphasise about health promotion

A

it emphasises enabling individuals to gain control over their health and improves their health outcomes

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20
Q

What is the significance of the phrase ‘ health is a fundamental right’

A

it underscores the belief that access to health care should be guaranteed for all individuals

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21
Q

Health promotion

A

process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health according to the Ottowa charter

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22
Q

What are the prerequisites for health identifed by the Ottowa charter

A

peace, stable ecosystem, social justice and equity, and resources including education, food and income

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23
Q

What is the ultimate goal for the Ottowa charter

A

commitment and fairness

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24
What dies the Ottowa charter emphasise in building healthy public policy
developing policies that support the health of individuals and communities
25
What is one way the Ottowa charter suggests making healthy decisions easier
implementing legislative, regulatory, organisational and taxation policies
26
Who are the stakeholders involved in the multisectoral approach of the Ottowa charter
all levels and sectors of governments, non-government organisations, and not for profit entities
27
Give an example of a policy that supports health as per the Ottowa charter
alcohol taxation, smoking regulations, workplace health and safety regulations, or seatbelt and helmet laws
28
What are the key components of supportive environments for health
natural and built environments, social, cultural, economical and physical environments that enhance health
29
What does straightening community action involve
collective efforts to improve health, empowering individuals and influencing policies
30
What are examples of community actions that promote health
community fun runs, health days, community kitchen and support organisations
31
What is the focus of developing personal skills in health promotion
supporting personal and social development, building human capital and enhancing health literacy
32
What type of resources help support personal skill development
information, education, life skills, online education and community health resources
33
what is the approach of re orienting health services
A holistic approach that emphasises prevention and addresses the needs of individuals and communities
34
What are some methods used in re-orienting health services
motivational interviewing, health education, and community consultation
35
What did Who report on primary health care reaffirm in 2008
the commitment to primary health care as essential for addressing health challenges and expectations
36
what are the aims of primary health care reforms
achieve universal access to healthcare, organise service delivery and secure healthier communities
37
What are the Sustainable Development Goals (2015)
17 goals set by the United Nations aimed at eliminating poverty, hunger and disease
38
What does the Declaration of Astana emphasise
the importance of primary health care, universal health coverage and health promotion
39
What are the characteristics of primary health care according to the Declaration of Astana
accessible, equitable, safe, high quality, comprehensive, efficient, acceptable, available and affordable
39
why is primary health care well positioned to respond to health challenges
it addresses rapid changes and involves stakeholders in policy examination to improve health determinants
40
What is the philosophy of primary healthcare
essential healthcare that is practically, scientifically sound, socially acceptable and universally accessible
41
what principles guide primary healthcare
equitable social circumstances and leaving no one behind
41
what dies access and equity mean in the context of primary health care
ensuring that all individual have access to health services without discrimination
42
how does primary health care enable society to address health determinants
by enabling action on the prerequisites of health and addressing social determinants of health
43
What role does health literacy play in personal skill development
it empowers individuals to make informs health choices and navigate health resources effectively
43
What is the significance of community participation in primary health care
it ensures healthcare is accessible and affordable, fostering self-reliance and self-determination
43
what is the strength based approach in health services
utilising individual and community strengths as protective factors in health promotion
44
What is the impact of effective public policies on health outcomes?
they improve health outcomes by allowing communities to influence health related decisions
45
What is the goal of equitable distribution in health services?
the equitable distribution health services irrespective of an individual or community's ability to pay
46
what are the key priorities in equitable distribution of health services
investing more resources in areas where they are needed most, prioritising high risk groups including women, underprivileged communities and children
47
List the five characteristics that health care should possess acording to the notes
health care should be accessible, affordable, appropriate, available and acceptable
47
what does health literacy encompass
the ability and skills to find, understand and act on health related information, make health decision and access health services
48
What are examples pf community participation in health decisions
community consutaltion, representation, grassroots advocacy and social justice
49
What is the significance of cultural sensitivity in healthcare
cultural sensitivity involves self reflection and awareness of cultural diversity to ensure culturally safe care
50
what is intersectoral collaboration in healthcare
Partnership across sectors to respond to social determinants of health (SDOH) and address barriers and enablers to achieving health.
51
What are the components of health promotion in primary health care
capacity building, comprehensive strategies, community participation and a focus on social determinants of health
52
how does primary care differ from primary health care
Primary care is often the first entry point into the health system, providing person focused, integrated car, while primary health care encompasses broader community health initiatives
53
what percentage of Australians live in rurally and remotely, and what are some implication of this
28% of Australians live rurally or remotely, leading to lower high school completion rates, lower health literacy, higher unemployment rates, and lower income.
54
What is the Ottowa charters role in health promotion
it provides a framework for health promotion focusing on empowering communities and addressing social determinants of health
55
What is the importance of appropriate technology in health care
it ensures efficiency, effectiveness, and acceptability of health services, adapting to community needs
56
What are the implications of falls-related injuries in Australia
Every 26 hours someone dies from a falls-related injury, with significant hospitalisation costs and a need for prevention strategies.
56
What are the three levels of health promotion strategies
Upstream (promoting health), midstream (appropriate treatment), and downstream (rehabilitation and coping)
56
what is the role of community consultation in healthcare
to understand community needs and advocate for the right care tailored to that community
57
what are some characteristics of primary care services
Primary care services are episodic, illness-focused, and often the first contact point for patients.
58
How can health systems adapt to community needs
by consulting with the community to determine what they want and need, ensuring services are efficient and equitable
59
60
What is the impact of lower health literacy in rural populations
it contributes to poorer health outcomes and less effective engagement with health services
61
What does the term 'cultural competence' refer to in health care?
The ability of health care providers to understand and respond effectively to the cultural and language needs of patients.
62
What is the significance of empowerment in health literacy?
Empowerment allows community members to make informed health decisions and actively participate in their health care.

Health and Wellness (4 decks)

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