Determinism Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is determinism?
Determinism is the assumption that everything that happens has a cause.
What type of evidence supports monism?
Every type of mental activity is associated with some type of measurable brain activity. Any type of brain damage leads to a deficit in some aspect of behavior or experience.
How does the education of a clinical psychologist differ from that of a psychiatrist?
A clinical psychologist earns an advanced degree in psychology, generally a PhD or PsyD, focusing more on research. A psychiatrist earns an MD, like other medical doctors.
Which field of psychology concentrates most on children?
Developmental psychology.
Which two fields are most concerned with how people behave in groups?
Social psychology and cross-cultural psychology.
Which field concentrates most on thought and knowledge?
Cognitive psychology.
Which field is most interested in the effects of brain damage?
Biological psychology.
Which field is most concerned with studying the effect of a reward on future behavior?
Learning and motivation.
Why do many menstruating women crave potato chips?
By losing blood, they also lose salt, and a deficiency of salt triggers a craving for salty tastes.
What is psychology?
Psychology is the systematic study of behavior and experience.
What are the three general themes in psychology?
- Behavior depends on many influences * Few statements apply to everyone all the time * Research progress depends on good measurement
What is the mind-brain problem?
The question of how conscious experience relates to the activity of the brain.
What does the nature-nurture debate entail?
Behavior depends on both nature (heredity) and nurture (environment). The contributions vary from one behavior to another.
What degrees do clinical psychologists and psychiatrists hold?
- Clinical psychologists: PhD, PsyD, or master’s degree * Psychiatrists: MD
What is the role of counseling psychologists?
They help people deal with difficult decisions and less often deal with serious disorders.
What are nonclinical fields of psychology?
- Industrial/organizational psychology * Human factors * School psychology
What is the first laboratory devoted to psychological research?
Established by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879.
Why did researchers abandon Titchener’s structuralist approach?
Researchers had no way to check the accuracy of self-reports on inner experiences.
What led to the rise of clinical psychology as we know it today?
During and after World War II, the need for services was greater than psychiatrists could provide.
What influenced early psychologists’ focus on sensation?
Sensation is central to experience and early researchers believed sensation questions were answerable.
What was the era of behaviorist dominance?
Psychologists focused on observable behaviors and studied behavior to the exclusion of mental experience.
What is the significance of Darwin’s theory of evolution for psychology?
It influenced early psychologists to compare the intelligence of different species.
What is maze learning?
A method where experimental psychologists studied rats in mazes, which eventually failed to produce general laws of learning.
What was Sigmund Freud’s influence on psychotherapy?
His theories heavily influenced the early development of psychotherapy.
