Deuterostomes

Question 1

echinodermata

Answer 1

marine; slow-moving; secondary radial symmetry

Question 2

chordata

Answer 2

formation of notochord
dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail, locomotion
Cephalochordata (lancelets) + Urochordata (sea squirts) + Craniates

Question 3

craniates

Answer 3

formation of head
cranium, brain, sensory structures, neural crest
Invertebrates (hagfish) + Vertebrates

Question 4

vertebrates

Answer 4

formation of vertebral column
back bone, paired appendages, hydrostatic / endo / exo - skeleton
Petromyzontida (lampreys) - cartilaginous backbone, no jaw, no appendages
Gnathostomes

Question 5

gnathostomes

Answer 5

formation of jaws and mineralised skeleton
jaws formed from pharyngeal slits
Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, skates), Osteichthyans

Question 6

Osteichthyans

Answer 6

formation of lung / lung derivatives
Actinopterygii (ray fins)
fins supported by dermal rays
Sarcopterygii

Question 7

sarcopterygii

Answer 7

formation of lobe fins
rode shapes bones
Actinistia (Coelacanths), Dipnoi (Lungfish), Tetrapods

Question 8

tetrapods

Answer 8

formation of limbs with digits
neck, stronger vertebral column, ribs supporting girdles
Amphibia, Amniotes

Question 9

amniotes

Answer 9

formation of amniotic egg
terrestrial adaptations, thicker skin
Testudines, Sphenodontia, Squamata, Crocodilia, Aves (most of tetrapods), Mammalia

Question 10

mammalia

Answer 10

formation of milk
hair, milk, increased metabolism, larger brain
Monotremes, Marsupials, Eutheria