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PSYC2013 > Dev > Flashcards

Dev Flashcards

1
Q

Average 4 year old expressive vocab size

A

1,500 words

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2
Q

Average 6 year old expressive vocab size

A

2,600 words

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3
Q

At what trimester is the inner ear fully developed?

A

By the start of the third trimester

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4
Q

What are gross motor skills

A

Large movements, using arms, legs, feet or whole body

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5
Q

What are fine motor skills?

A

Smaller movements using fingers, toes, facial muscles

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6
Q

Which bodily direction is cephalo-caudal?

A

Head-to-toe

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7
Q

Which bodily direction is promxio-distal?

A

Midline to extremities

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8
Q

What age can they stand and walk alone?

A

10-17 months

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9
Q

What age do they develop the ‘four finger grip’?

A

7-8 months

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10
Q

What age do they develop the ‘pincer grip’?

A

10-12 months

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11
Q

What is egocentric thinking?

A

Child is unable to see a situation from another person’s point of view.

Child assumes that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does

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12
Q

When do children stop egocentric thinking?

A

Around the age of 7

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13
Q

What is object permanence?

A

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed

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14
Q

What are Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?

A
  1. Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
  2. Preoperational (2-6 years)
  3. Concrete operational (7-12 years)
  4. Formal operational (12+ years)
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15
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A

Infant experiences the world through immediate sensory impressions and actions.

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16
Q

What is the preoperational stage?

A

Children represent the world with words and images, but cannot manipulate/transform these images.

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17
Q

What is concrete operational?

A

Children can manipulate representations and reason logically about concrete events but not abstract concepts.

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18
Q

What is formal operational?

A

Teenage is able to reason logically and concrete events and abstract symbols.

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19
Q

What is CONSPEC?

A

An automatic activation for your preference for faces

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20
Q

What is CONLERN?

A

The learned process for faces rather than the automatic process.

21
Q

What is innate subjectivity?

A

The infant is born with an awareness specially receptive to the subjective states in other persons.

22
Q

What is intersubjectivity?

A

Natural sociability of infants serves to intrinsically motivate companionship, or cooperative awareness

23
Q

Stranger wariness or stranger anxiety

A

Usually occurs around 9 months, its an act of avoidance, and does not usually include strong fear reactions

24
Q

Define empathy

A

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another

25
Define sympathy
An effective response that consists of feeling sorrow or concern for the distressed or needy one Restricted to negative emotions
26
Define personal distress
Self-focused, aversive emotional reaction to another person's demotion or condition Self focused so you find someone else's emotional state distressful
27
Empathy example
You fail, your friend passes - you feel happy seeing your friend happy with their mark
28
Sympathy example
You pass, your friend fails, you feel sad seeing your friend unhappy
29
Personal distress example
You pass, your friend fails - the idea of failing scares and upsets you
30
When do children develop empathy for another's feelings?
3 years
31
What is socio-cognitive understanding (SCU) a measure of?
Children's understanding of persons becomes more elaborate and flexible, increasingly taking in and coordinating aspects of mental life
32
What is false-belief understanding? What age group do they demonstrate this?
To recognise that others can have beliefs about the world that are different to their own 4 years old
33
How old are babies when they become aware of their physical bodies?
At 10 months
34
What is true belief?
Their belief is the same as the true states of the world
35
What is false belief?
Where their belief goes against the ideas of the world
36
How many Australian children are obese?
1 in 4
37
T or F: childhood obesity is more prevalent in big cities than in country towns.
FALSE
38
T or F: the physical environment of your area is a genuine risk factor for childhood obesity
TRUE
39
T or F: increase in time spent on screens is a significant factor in the recent increase in childhood obesity
TRUE
40
T or F: fast food is cheaper than home cooked meals
TRUE and FALSE
41
What are some causes of childhood obesity?
Large portion size; over consumption of sugar sweetened beverages; declines in overall physical activity; increased frequency of eating away from home; increased screen time
42
Why is it harder for children to have the goal of loosing weight?
Poorer executive functions (forward planning); less impulse control; poorer understanding of nutrition and health; dependent on caregiver for diet and exercise opportunities; actual behaviour change is really hard
43
Where does the most effective treatment for childhood obesity come from?
The parents/family as a whole
44
What are some of the American Academy of Paediatric guidelines?
The ban for screens for under 2s lifted All video chatting allowed at any age No screens at mealtimes or 1 hour before bed Emphasises importance of parent/family engagement with the media content
45
What are some problems with 'giftedness'?
Difficulties fitting in with peers; often prefer the company of older children/adults; frustration and disruptive behaviours; isolation and loneliness; labelling of the child can lead to pressure to exceed or fear of failure
46
What are symptoms of expressive language impairment?
Difficulty putting words and sentences together to express thoughts; reduced vocabulary; grammatical errors; difficulty finding the right word
47
What are symptoms of receptive language impairment?
Difficulty understanding the meaning of words; difficulty understanding what is said; not answering questions appropriately; not following instructions
48
Definition of neglect
A deficit in meeting a child's basic needs, such as health care, supervision, clothing, nutrition etc.
49
What are examples of mild-moderate neglect?
Dressed in shorts in winter; inappropriate diet; no guidance for dental hygiene; failure to attend health checks; failure to attend school

PSYC2013 (7 decks)

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