DEVELOPING TENSIONS UP TO 1948 Flashcards
(10 cards)
-DEVELOPING TENSIONS-WHAT TACTICS DOES STALIN USE TO GAIN CONTROL OF SATELLITE STATES AND WHY IS THIS A PROBLEM?
-STALIN ESTABLISHED CONTROL THROUGH FEAR AND USED THE RED ARMY TO ACT AS A POLICING FORCE IN SATELLITE STATES AND BE ENFORCERS OF COMMUNIST REGIME
-HE USED SALAMI TACTICS AND HAD ANTI-COMMUNIST PARTIES DISMANTLED
PRO-COMMUNIST PARTIES ALLIED WITH LEFT-WING ONES TO ‘STRENGTHEN’ THEM BUT IN REALITY THEY DOMINATED THEM
-MANIPULATION AND FEAR DEVELOPED AT ELECTIONS TO PROMOTE COMMUNIST SUPPORT
WHY WAS THERE SUPPORT FOR SOCIALIST PARTIES IN EUROPE?
- SOCIALISM APPEALED TO ANTI-ELITIST SETTLEMENTS WHICH WERE STRONG IN EASTERN EUROPE AFTER THE WAR
-MANY PEOPLE WERE LEFT HOMELESS AND UNEMPLOYED WITH MASS SHORTAGES OF GOODS AND BECAUSE OF THIS MANY RURAL AREAS BEGAN TO ADOPT PRO-COMMUNIST ATTITUDES
-BY THE END OF 1947, ALL EASTERN EUROPEAN STATES WERE UNDER SOVIET CONTROL APART FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA
1948- CZECHOSLOVAK COUP-WHAT HAPPENED?
- THE COMMUNISTS STAGED A COUP AND PURGED THE NON COMMUNIST MEMBERS OF GOVERNMENT AND THE POLICE FORCE
- THE PRO-AMERICAN FOREIGN MINISTER MASARYK WAS FOUND DEAD
-THIS INCREASED FEAR OF SOVIET EXPANSION IN THE WEST AS THE CZECH COMMUNISTS WERE ABLE TO TAKE OVER WITH LITTLE BLOODSHED AND NO DIRECT HELP FROM THE USSR
WHAT COUNTRIES DID THE USSR TAKE AS ITS SATELLITE STATES AND HOW?
-POLAND-THE PRO-STALIN LUBLIN GOVERNMENT WAS ALREADY THERE,HE APPEARED TOA LLOW FREE MULTI-PARTY ELECTIONS BUT WITH A CLEAR INTENT TO TO ENSURE HE GOT THE RESULTS THAT HE WANTED.DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER GOMULKA WAS OPPOSED SOME SOVIET POLICIES BELIEVING THAT POLAND SHOULD RUN ITSELF AND WAS REPLACED BY PRO-STALINIST BIERUT
- ROMANIA,-OCCUPIED BY RED ARMY AND OPPOSITION WAS MINIMAL
-BULGARIA- MANIPULATED ELECTIONS AND FORCED REMOVAL OF OPPOSITION BY 1947, ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES HAD BEEN BANNED
-HUNGARY-POLITICAL OPPONENTS WERE ARRESTED AND ELECTIONS WERE RIGGED
-CZECHOSLOVAKIA- CZECH COMMUNISTS WERE PIOPULAR AMONGST RURAL PEASANTS BECAUSE THEY HAD GIVEN THEM LAND AT THE END OF THE WAR
- YUGOSLAVIA-INITIALLY, YUGOSLAVIAS LEADER TITO WAS WAS A COMMITTED STALINIST BUT BY 1948 SOVIET INFLUENCE WAS WANING AND THEY REFUSED BTO BE SOVIET PUPPETS, THEY WERE KICKED OUT OF COMINFORM AND SSURVIVED DUE TO ECONOMIC AID FROM THE US
FEB 1946-KENNAN LONG TELEGRAM- WHAT WAS IT AND WHY WAS IT SIGNIFICANT?
-IT WAS ADVICE ON HOW TO DEAL WITH THE SOVIET UNION FROM GEORGE KENNAN WHO WAS IN MOSCOW HE SAID THAT:
- COOPERATION WITH THE WEST WAS UNLIKELY
-THE USSR’S FOREIGN POLICY WAS AGGRESSIVE AND IDEOLOGICALLY/POLITICALLY MOTIVATED
-THE US SHOULD BE PREPARED TO THREATEN FORCE
- THIS WAS SIGNIFICANT AS IT HELPED TO SHAPE THE US’ FOREIGN POLICY GOING FORWARDS AND IS WHAT SPARKED TRUMANS POLICY OF CONTAINMENT AIMED AT STRENGTHENING NON COMMUNIST GOVERNMENTS IN EUROPE THROUGH ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE TO STOP THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM
- STALIN SAW CONTAINMENT AS A SHOW OF ECONOMIC POWER OVER THE USSR AND A THREAT
MARCH 1946- CHURCHILLS IRON CURTAIN SPEECH- WHAT WAS SAID AND WHAT WAS THE IMPACT?
CHURCHILL, ALTHOUGH NO LONGER THE PRIME-MINISTER GAVE A SPEECH THAT ATTACKED THE SOVIET UNIONS POLICIES, HE STATED THAT’ AN IRON CURTAIN HAS DESCENDED ACROSS THE CONTINENT’ REFERRING TO THE FIGURATIVE LINE THAT DIVIDED THE COMMUNIST EAST FROM THE CAPITALIST WEST.
- HE DESCRIBES COMMUNIST PARTIES AS CORRUPT AND TALKS ABOUT THE USSR’S EXPANSIONIST NATURE
-CHURCHILL WANTED TO STRENGTHEN ALLIANCES WITH THE US AND KEEPN EUROPE ECONOMICALLY STRONG
-THIS BOOSTED TRUMANS POLICY OF CONTAINMENT(HE WAS IN THE CROWD AS THE SPEECH WAS GIVEN)
WHAT WAS STALINS RESPONSE TO THE IRON CURTAIN SPEECH?
- SAW IT AS AN ATTACK ON THE USSR
- AND DEFENDS EXPANSIONISM SAYING THAT THAT HE WANTS TO KEEP NHIS COUNTRY SECURE AND PROVES THIS BY SHOWING WHAT HIS COUNTRY LOST IN THE WAR
-INVOLVEMENT IN EUROPE-1947-GREEK CIVIL WAR-WHAT HAPPENED?
-STALIN HAD AGREED THAT GREECE SHOULD REMAIN WITHIN THE WESTERN SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AFTER THE WAR
-WHEN GREECE WAS LIBERATED FROM NAZI OCCUPATION A CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT BETWEEN MONARCHISTS WHO WERE BACKED BY THE BRITISH AND GREEK COMMUNIST-IN FEB 1947 BRITAIN ANNOUNCED THAST IT COULD NO LONGER AFFORD TO PROIVIDE AID TO THE MONARCHISTS AND THE US TOOK OVER
- STALIN WAS UNSYMPATHETIC TOWARDS THE GREEK COMMUNISTS AS HE WAS DISTRUSTFUL OF REVOLUTIONS OUTSIDE OF HIS CONTROL AND DIDNT WANT TO INCREASE TENSIONS WITH THE US
MARCH 1947-THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE-WHAT WAS IT AND WHAT WERE THE MOTIVATIONS BEHIND IT?
- A PART OF TRUMANS CONTAINMENT POLICY AND A PROMISE OF ECONOMIC AID AND RESOURCES TO ANY COUNTRIES VULNERABLE TO COMMUNISM
- POTENTIALLY DID IT TO DEMONISE THE SOVIET UNION AND PRESENT THE US AS SAVIOURS- THE FACT THAT THESE COUNTRIES WOULD BE ECONOMICALLY DEPENDANT ON THE US WOULD ALLOW FOR CLOSE TRADE RELATIONS
-POTENTIALLY DID IT TO MAKE THE USSR THREATENED BY THE US’ POWER
JAN 1947- BIZONIA IS CREATED-WHAT HAPPENED?
-BRITAIN AND THE US MERGE THEIR ZONES OF GERMANY
-GERMANY WAS ABLE TO RECEIVE MARSHALL AID BUT NOT THE USSR CONTROLLED PARTS
