US,BRITISH AND USSR RELATIONS IN 1945 Flashcards
(14 cards)
WHO WERE THE LEADERS OF THE THREE SUPERPOWERS IN 1945? WHEN ARE THEY REPLACED AND BY WHO?
STALIN,ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL
-Roosevelt dies in 1945 and is replaced by truman
-Churchill is replaced by atlee in 1945
WHAT WAS THE CONTEXT OF 1945?
US,BRITAIN and the USSR had joined together in the grand alliance in order to defeat the nazis in ww2
- Russia had lost millions of people not war and was invaded numerous times
-ATLANTIC CHARTER 1941-JOINT DECLARATION BETWEEN US AND BRITAIN WHERE THEY AGREED:
NOT TO SEEK TERRITORIAL GAINS FROM THE WAR
RESTORATION OF SELF GOVERNMENT TO NATIONS
PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE THEIR OWN GOVERNMENTS
ACCESS FOR ALL NATIONS TO RAW MATERIALS
WHAT WERE THE DIFFERENT SUPERPOWERS IDEOLOGIES?
-US and Britain were both believed in capitalism, based on the idea that every citizen should have equal opportunities and the right to freedom, also based on free market economies and the idea of businesses competing and the free exchange of goods with minimal government involvement
-USSR belief in communism and a classless society controlled by the state
WHAT WAS THE ISSUE WITH OPPOSING IDEOLOGIES?
-BOTH SIDES WERE CERTAIN THAT THEIR IDEOLOGY SHOULD DOMINATE IN AS MANY NATIONS AS POSSIBLE AND EACH VIEWED THE EXPANSION OFN THE OTHER AS A THREAT
WHAT WERE STALINS AIMS AND WHY?
- DURING WW2, SOVIET LOSSES WERE SUBSTANTIAL AND 20 MILLION CITIZENS WERE KILLED ALONG WITH VAST ECONOMIC LOSS
-STALIN WANTED TO ENSURE THAT SUCH A WAR WOULD NOT HIT THE SOVIET UNION AGAIN AND THEREFORE WANTED TO CREATE A BUFFER ZONE MADE OF SATELITTE STATES TO PROTECT FROM ATTACK - FOREIGN POLICY BASED ON TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE MILITARY SITUATION IN EUROPE TO STRENGHTEN SOVIET INFLUENCE AND ESTABLISHING PRO-SOVIET GOVERNMENTS IN AS MUCH OF EASTERN EUROPE AS POSSIBLE( HE USED THE RED ARMY TO DO THIS WHICH WAS NOT WELCOMED BY ALLIED POWERS WHO SAW IT AS AN ATEMPT TO SPREAD COMMUNISM)
WHAT WENT ON BETWEEN STALIN AND POLAND?
- STALIN HAD HELPED TO DRIVE NAZI FORCES OUT OF POLAND BUT INSTEAD REPLACED NAZI CONTROL WITH SOVIET
-IN 1944 HE PLACED A COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT IN POLAND THROUGH THE LUBLIN COMMITTEE
WHAT WERE THE US’ AIMS?
- CREATION OF THE UN( UNITED NATIONS) TO MAINTAIN WORLD PEACE AND PROVIDE A STRONG SECURITY COUNCIL TO SETTLE DISPUTES
- PROMOTE FREE TRADE
-BELIEVED THAT POLAND SHOULD BE FREE TO GOVERN ITSELF
-BELIEF IN THE 4 FREEDOMS, FREEDOM FROM WANT,FREEDOM OF SPEECH,FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND FREEDOM FROM FEAR
-US HAD NOT SUFFERED AS MUCH AS THE USSR DURING WW2 AND SO DIDNT UNDERSTAND THEIR NEED FOR SECURITY
-ROOSEVELT DIES IN 1945 AND IS REPLACED BY HARRY S TRUMAN
WHAT WERE BRITISH AIMS?
-POLAND TO GOVERN ITSELF
-MAINTAIN THE EXISTING COLONIAL POWER OF BRITAIN AND FRANCE
-MAINTAIN CLOSE RELATIONS WITH THE US
-JULY 1945 CHURCHILL IS REPLACED BY ATLEE
1945-YALTA CONFERENCE, WHAT WAS ITS PURPOSE AND WHAT WAS AGREED?
-ITS PURPOSE WAS TO SHOW THAT MEMBERS OF THE GRAND ALLIANCE WERE STILL COMMITTED TO LASTING RELATIONS
-THE DECLARATION OF LIBERATED EUROPE SIGNED- SUPPORT DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES IN NAZI LIBERATED STATES
-STALIN AGREED TO ALLOW FREE ELECTIONS IN POLAND
- AGREED THE THE USSR WOULD JOIN THE WAR AGAINST JAPAN
- ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UN AGREED
-GERMANY TO BE DIVIDED INTO 4 ZONES BETWEEN THE US ,BRITAIN,USSR AND FRANCE AND BERLIN TO BE DIVIDED ASWELL
WHAT HAPPENED BETWEEN YALTA AND POTSDAM?
- ROOSEVELT DIES AND IS REPLACED BY TRUMAN
-CHURCHILL REPLACED BY ATLEE
-HITLER DIES AND GERMANY SURRENDERS
-US TESTS THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB
-US DROPS ATOMIC BOMB ON NAGASAKI AND HIROSHIMA DEVASTATING JAPAN AND ENDING THE WAR
-USSR HAD EXTENDED CONTROL OVER ALOT OF EASTERN EUROPE
1945- POTSDAM CONFRENCE- WHAT WAS AGREED?
-GERMANY TO BE DEMILITARISED
-DENAZIFICATION OF GERMANY
DEMOCRACY TO BE RE-ESTABLISHED IN GERMANY
-GERMANY TO PAY REPARATIONS AND USSR GET AN ADDITIONAL 25% FROM WESTERN ZONES
WHAT WERE SOURCES OF TENSION AT POTSDAM?
-STALIN HAD NOT ALLOWED FREE ELECTIONS IN POLAND AS PROMISED,THIS WAS A GESTURE OF BAD FAITH AND WAS A SIGN THAT THE USSR WOULD NOT COOPERATE IN THE FUTURE
- THE EXTENT OF REPARATIONS AND THE REBUILDING OF GERMANY- RUSSIA HAD BEEN INVADED BY GERMANY IN THE PAST AND HAD SUFFERED ALOT AS A RESULT OF THE WAR, STALIN WANTED TO KEEP GERMANY ECONOMICALLY WEAK BUT TRUMAN DIDNT NOT WANT A REPEAT OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
-TRUMAN HAD DEVELOPED AND USED THE ATOMIC BOMB WITHOUT NOTIFYING THE USSR-SYMBOL OF DISTRUST
WHAT WERE ATLEES AIMS?
-REBUILD BRITAIN AFTER THE WAR
-HIGHLY SUSPICIOUS OF THE USSR
WHAT WERE TRUMANS AIMS?
- ROOSEVELT WAS ACCUSED OF BEING TOO SOFT ON COMMUNISM AND TRUMAN DID NOIT WANT TO FACE THOSE SAME CRITICISMS
-MORE HARD LINE TOWARDS STALIN AND THOUGHT HE COULD USE THE ATOMIC BOMB TO KEEP HIM IN LINE
